| 滆湖湖滨带生态修复技术初步研究 |
| Ecological Restoration Technology Applied in the Lakeside Zone Demonstration Project of Gehu Lake |
| 投稿时间：2016-04-07 修订日期：2017-03-24 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.02.003 |
| 中文关键词:湖滨带 水生动物 水生植物 生态修复 滆湖 |
| 英文关键词:lakeside zone aquatic animal aquatic macrophyte ecological restoration Gehu Lake |
| 基金项目:江苏省科技惠民工程项目（BE2008640） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在滆湖湖滨带进行生态修复试验，为湖滨带修复技术的进一步完善和滆湖水环境治理提供参考，也为太湖流域湖滨带生态功能恢复提供实用示范技术。在太滆运河滆湖河口28.67 hm2试验区内设置围隔, 放养鲢鳙、细鳞鲴、三角帆蚌，保护和栽培水生植物等, 对比分析各种工程技术措施及水生生物群落结构对营养盐削减效果，监测和评价水质。2008-2009年试验期间的水质监测结果表明, 试验区综合污染指数1.76~1.79, 为重污染水平；对照点（滆湖大湖区）为2.03~2.09, 属严重污染水平, 试验区污染程度较对照点降低了一个等级。以漂浮植物为主的湖滨带湖湾湿地生物群落发育良好,与对照点相比, 试验区TN去除率达26.52%, TP为27.92%, 而NH3-N为46.15%~68.12%, 但chl a及CODMn则高于对照点。在试验区内的围隔试验中, 以沉水植物为主的除磷效果最好,达37.06%。放养的鲢鳙有效控制了蓝藻暴发。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Gehu Lake, located upstream of Taihu Lake, is the second largest lake in southern Jiangsu Province. Historically, it was a typical shallow macrophytic lake and played an important role in protecting water quality in Taihu Lake. However, large scale reclamation in the littoral zone beginning in the 1970’s and the hardening of levees in the 1990’s has seriously damaged the biological resources of the lake. Since 2008, Gehu Lake has been a turbid algae-dominated lake and large scale cyanobacterial blooms occur every year. The lakeside zone is a natural barrier, intercepting exogenous terrestrial pollutants and providing valuable habitat. In 2008 and 2009, we established an ecological restoration demonstration project in the riparian zone along the mouth of Tai-Ge canal, connecting Gehu Lake to Taihu Lake. This article is a detailed introduction to the demonstration project and the goal is to provide a useful reference for remediating littoral ecology and improving water quality in shallow lakes. The demonstration area, enclosed by netting, was 28.67 hm2 and ten sampling stations (Stations A-J) were monitored. There were no macrophytes in the demonstration area and herbivorous fish were removed by gill net before the investigation began. In March of 2008, three experimental areas (Station A, B and C) were established in the eastern section of the project area and floating plants, macrophytes and emergent aquatic plants were introduced. In February of 2009, another three experimental areas (Station F, G and H) were established in the northern section of the project area and submerged plants and a smaller number of floating plants were introduced. During the investigation, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), Xenocypris microlepis and triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) were released to the project area. To evaluate the effect of the ecological restoration project and analyze the nutrient reduction efficiency of different bioremediation techniques, we investigated the change in the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities and monitored water quality parameters. Water quality at Station A, B, C, D (central demonstration area) and E (control station, 1500m from the demonstration project) was monitored monthly in 2008 and then at Station F, G, H, I and J (Stations I and J are at the same location as Stations D and E) in 2009. Water quality monitoring results show that the comprehensive pollution indices in the demonstration project area ranged from 1.76 to 1.79 in 2008-2009, while the comprehensive pollution indices at the control station ranged from 2.03 to 2.09. The higher pollution index at the control site indicates the ecological remediation project did improve water quality, although it remained heavily polluted. The floating plant-dominated wetland community developed well and played an important role in nutrient reduction. The average removal rates of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in the trial zone were, respectively, 26.52%, 27.92%, and (46.15-68.12)% compared with the control station. However, chlorophyll-a and the potassium permanganate index (CODMn) in the demonstration area were higher than at the control station. The enclosures within the demonstration project area removed TP most effectively (37.06%). Stocking silver carp and bighead carp effectively suppressed cyanobacterial blooms in the demonstration project area. |
| 孔优佳,徐东炯,刘其根,胡忠军.2017.滆湖湖滨带生态修复技术初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,38(2):17-24. |
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