| 鲢鳙幼鱼临界游泳速度的比较研究 |
| Comparative Study of Critical Swimming Speeds for Juvenile Silver and Bighead Carp |
| 投稿时间：2015-11-23 修订日期：2016-06-29 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.04.010 |
| 中文关键词:鲢 鳙 临界游泳速度 过鱼设施 |
| 英文关键词:Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Aristichthys nobilis critical swimming speed fish passage facilities |
| 基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项（201201030）；贵州北盘江电力股份有限公司合作项目（SDHZ2012136） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过比较不同鱼类的游泳能力，为鱼道建设和鱼类行为学研究提供基础资料。在（20±1）℃水温下，使用丹麦Loligo System公司的鱼类行为视频跟踪系统，采用Brett流速递增法stepped-velocity test，以鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）和鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）为研究对象，体长作为划分依据，分别测定不同体长组鲢鳙临界游泳速度。结果表明：（1）鲢鳙绝对临界游泳速度随着体长的增加而增大，相对临界游泳速度随着体长的增大而减小，鲢体长与绝对临界游泳速度拟合方程为：Y_1=0.10X_1^2-0.11X_1+55.86（R2=0.85），与相对临界游泳速度拟合方程为：y_1=0.02x_1^2-0.87x_1+12.86（R2=0.94），鳙体长与绝对临界游泳速度拟合方程为：Y_2=0.03X_2^3-1.29X_2^2+21.04X_2-29.21（R2=0.85），与相对临界游泳速度拟合方程为：y_2=0.02x_2^2-0.87x_2+14.81（R2=0.98）；（2）相近体长组鲢（10.11±0.24）cm和鳙（10.78±1.34）cm临界游泳速度分别为（65.50±2.08）cm/s和（80.89±4.03）cm/s，可知鳙＞鲢，且差异性显著（P<0.05）；（16.90±0.55）cm鲢和（15.39±0.62）cm鳙的临界游泳速度为（83.92±3.03）cm/s和（91.62±3.54）cm/s，无显著性差异（P>0.05）；（3）通过比较鲢鳙临界游泳速度与突进游泳速度能力，发现鲢的突进游泳速度大于鳙，而临界游泳速度小于后者，可知鲢鳙有氧运动和无氧运动能力之间存在权衡作用，临界游泳速度与突进游泳速度不一定呈现正相关关系。鱼类能否顺利完成上溯需求取决于鱼道内水力条件和自身游泳能力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Fish passageways are an important means of maintaining wild populations when rivers are dammed. Designing hydraulic conditions in passageways to match the swimming ability of target fish species is critical for successful migration. To better understand the swimming behavior of two of the four major Chinese carp species and provide data for fish passage design, the critical swimming speeds of juvenile silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and juvenile bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) were measured using a stepped-velocity test (20±1oC) and differences in swimming performance were analyzed. Three groups of silver carp (16.2-17.7 cm, 12.5-14 cm, 9.8-10.5 cm) and bighead carp (18-22 cm, 14.5-16.5 cm, 9.3-12.5 cm) were tested and swimming was recorded during testing with a video tracking system. Results show: (1) The absolute critical swimming speed of juvenile silver carp and bighead carp both increased linearly with body length, according to the equations: Y_1=0.10X_1^2-0.11X_1+55.86 (R2=0.85) and Y_2=0.03X_2^3-1.29X_2^2+21.04X_2-29.21 (R2=0.85), but there was a negative linear relationship between relative critical swimming speed and body length:y_1=0.02x_1^2-0.87x_1+12.86（R2=0.94），，y_2=0.02x_2^2-0.87x_2+14.81 (R2=0.98); (2) The critical swimming speed of bighead carp (80.89±4.03 cm/s) in the body length group (10.78±1.34 cm) was significantly higher than that of silver carp (65.50±2.08 cm/s) with similar body length (10.11±0.24 cm), while the difference in critical swimming speed of juvenile silver carp (16.90±0.55 cm) and bighead carp (15.39±0.62 cm) was not significant (83.92±3.03 cm/s and 91.62±3.54 cm/s, respectively) (3) The burst swimming speed of juvenile silver carp was faster than that of bighead carp, while the critical swimming speed of juvenile silver carp was slower, indicating a trade-off between aerobic and anaerobic swimming for the two species. Results also indicate a negative correlation between burst swimming speed and critical swimming speed for silver carp and bighead carp. Our results provide information necessary to match fish swimming capability with hydraulic conditions in fish passageways. |
| 刘慧杰,王从锋,朱良康,陈明明.2016.鲢鳙幼鱼临界游泳速度的比较研究[J].水生态学杂志,37(4):63-69. |
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