| 洱海水体光学特性的季节变化及其影响因素分析 |
| Seasonal Variation of Water Column Optical Parameters in Lake Erhai, China |
| 投稿时间：2015-10-22 修订日期：2016-03-20 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.02.002 |
| 中文关键词:洱海 光学衰减系数 透明度 叶绿素a 浊度 沉水植物 |
| 英文关键词:Lake Erhai light attenuation coefficient transparency Chl-a turbidity submerged macrophytes |
| 基金项目:国家“十二五”水体污染控制与治理重大专项洱海项目第四课题（2012ZX07105-004)；国家自然科学基金（31200356） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究人类活动对洱海水体富营养化进程的影响，2014年4月、7月、11月和2015年1月对洱海全湖36个采样点进行了采样监测，研究了洱海光学衰减系数（K）、透明度（SD）、浊度（Turb）和叶绿素a（Chl-a）的季节变化规律以及其相关性，探讨了洱海作为草-藻共存型湖泊，其沉水植物分布对光学特性变化和草-藻竞争的影响和响应，以期为洱海富营养化治理和控制提供基本数据支持。结果表明，光学衰减系数的季节变化规律为春季（0.59 m-1）<冬季（0.68 m-1）<秋季（0.95 m-1）<夏季（1.05 m-1）；叶绿素a含量季节变化规律与光学衰减系数季节变化规律相同，为春季（5.24 μg/L）<冬季（5.49 μg/L）<秋季（12.33 μg/L）<夏季（14.22μg/L）；透明度季节变化规律为夏季（1.86 m）<秋季（2.28 m）<春季（3.00 m）<冬季（3.07 m）；浊度季节变化规律是春季（32.50 mg/L）<冬季 (32.52 mg/L) <秋季（32.64 mg/L）<夏季（32.70 mg/L）。光学衰减系数与透明度、浊度和叶绿素a均呈显著相关(P<0.01)，其相关系数分别为0.648、0.523和0.467；透明度与叶绿素a和浊度均呈显著相关(P<0.01)，其相关系数分别为0.497、0.564；浊度与叶绿素a显著相关（P<0.01），相关系数为0.241。叶绿素a在一定程度上会影响光学衰减系数，但不是其主要影响因素。在秋季和冬季, 沉水植物区的水体光学衰减系数显著低于（P<0.05）无沉水植物区，但这种差异在在春季和夏季不显著（P>0.05）。在一年中的各季节，在沉水植物区与无沉水植物区的水体透明度和叶绿素a含量均无显著差异（P >0.05）；沉水植物区的水体浊度显著低于（P<0.01）无沉水植物区。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Eutrophication has dramatically changed the optical properties of the water in Lake Erhai. Over the past two decades, the lake has gradually transformed from a macrophytic lake into a grass-algae lake because of the continuing deterioration of water quality. Research indicates that recovery of the submerged plant community could improve Lake Erhai water quality and the growth of submerged plants depends primarily on water transparency. In this study, seasonal variation of the light attenuation coefficient (k), water transparency (SD), turbidity (Turb) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were investigated in areas with and without submerged vegetation. Results were analyzed to determine the influence of submerged vegetation on transparency and provide basic data to support eutrophication control in Lake Erhai. Optical properties were monitored and water samples collected at 36 sites (10 sites with and 26 sites without submerged vegetation) in April, July and November of 2014 and January 2015. The light attenuation coefficient (k) was lowest in spring (0.59 m-1), then winter (0.68 m-1), autumn (0.95 m-1) and summer (1.05 m-1). Seasonal change in Chl-a followed the same pattern, 5.24 μg/L (spring) ＜5.49 μg/L (winter) ＜ 12.33 μg/L (autumn) ＜14.22 μg/L (summer). Secchi depth transparency was highest in winter (3.07 m), then spring (3.00 m), autumn (2.28 m) and summer (1.86 m). Water turbidity was 32.50mg/L in spring, then 32.52 mg/L in winter, 32.64 mg/L in autumn and 32.70 mg/L in summer. As expected, the optical properties and Chl-a were closely related. The light attenuation coefficient was significantly correlated with transparency (P<0.01, r=0.648), turbidity (P<0.01, r=0.523) and Chl-a (P<0.01, r=0.467); transparency was significantly correlated with Chl-a (P<0.01, r=0.497) and turbidity (P<0.01, r=0.564); Chl-a significantly correlated with turbidity (P <0.01, r=0.241). In autumn and winter, the light attenuation coefficient was significantly lower in areas with submerged vegetation than in areas without submerged vegetation (P <0.05), but the differences were not evident in spring and summer (P>0.05). Water transparency and Chl-a, between areas with and without submerged vegetation, were not significantly different (P>0.05), but turbidity was significantly lower in areas with submerged vegetation. |
| 摆晓虎,曹特,倪乐意,张霄林,汤鑫.2016.洱海水体光学特性的季节变化及其影响因素分析[J].水生态学杂志,37(2):10-16. |
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