| 三门湾春、秋季游泳动物群落组成及物种多样性研究 |
| Species Composition and Community Diversity of Nekton during Spring and Autumn in Sanmen Bay |
| 投稿时间：2015-09-23 修订日期：2016-04-18 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.02.006 |
| 中文关键词:三门湾 游泳动物 种类组成 资源密度 多样性 |
| 英文关键词:Sanmen Bay nekton species composition resource density diversity |
| 基金项目:浙江省软科学研究计划重点项目(2015C25018)；浙江省重中之重学科“海洋科学学科” |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于2014年11月(秋季)和2015年5月(春季)在三门湾展开的游泳动物调查资料，分析了三门湾游泳动物种类组成、时空分布、区系特征、优势种、相对资源密度和物种多样性等。结果显示，2个季度共鉴定出游泳动物57种，隶属于10目、29科、47属；其中鱼类33种(57.89%)，虾类13种(22.81%)，蟹类8种(14.04%)，头足类2种(3.51%)，口足类1种(1.75%)。秋季有31种，数量密度为42.68×103 尾/km2，重量密度为286.61 kg/km2；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）为1.84，Pielou均匀度指数（J'）为0.72，Margalef丰富度指数（D）为1.72。春季有43种，数量密度和重量密度分别为34.11×103 尾/km2和314.44 kg/km2；H'为2.01，J'为0.73，D为2.29。研究表明：(1)春季游泳动物比秋季丰富；(2)游泳动物以暖温性、暖水性种类为主；(3)季节间优势种变化不大；(4)数量和重量资源密度低，特别是重量密度远远低于泉州湾等海湾；(5) 春季的Shannon-Wiener多样性、Pielou均匀度和Margalef丰富度指数均比秋季高，与唐山湾等海湾相比，处于较低水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Sanmen Bay is a natural semi-closed bay connected with the East China Sea by the Shipu waterway. The favorable ecology, terrain conditions and abundant food organisms of Sanmen Bay provide excellent conditions for fish spawning and foraging, benefitting sustainable development of the fishery resource. However, the bay area has suffered serious adverse affects from increased human disturbance in recent years and sustainable use and management of the bay has become a concern. Nekton is an important ecological group at the top of the food chain in marine ecosystems and study of nekton community structure and diversity characteristics has scientific value. Based on nekton survey data from Sanmen Bay, collected in November 2014 (autumn) and May 2015 (spring), the species composition, spatial and temporal distribution, fauna characteristics, dominant species, relative resource density and species diversity in Sanmen Bay were analyzed. The objective of the study was to provide base data for fishery resource management and protection in Sanmen Bay. A trawl survey of nekton was carried out at 12 sampling sites in Sanmen Bay by completing 0.5 hr tows using a 20mm mesh net with a 14 m opening. Organisms caught were identified, counted and weighed. A total of 57 species from 10 orders, 29 families and 47 genera were identified, including 33 fish species (57.89%)，13 shrimp species (22.81%)，8 crab species (14.04%)，2 Cephalopod species (3.51%) and 1 Stomatopod species (1.75%). In autumn, a total of 31 species were observed. The number density and weight density of the nekton in the autumn were 42.68×103 ind/km2 and 286.61kg/km2 and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H'), Pielou evenness index (J') and Margalef richness index (D) were 1.84, 0.72 and 1.72, respectively. In spring, a total of 43 species were observed. The number density and weight density of nekton in spring were 34.11×103 ind/km2 and 314.44 kg/km2, and the diversity indices of H', J' and D were 2.01, 0.73 and 2.29, respectively. Survey results for Sanmen Bay indicate: (1) nekton is more abundant in spring than in autumn; (2) the dominant species of nekton are warm-temperate and warm water species; (3) variation of the dominant species in the two seasons is not obvious; (4) the relative resource density, particularly the weight density, is far lower than in other bays such as Quanzhou Bay; (5) Shannon-Wiener diversity, Pielou evenness and Margalef richness are higher in spring than in autumn and much lower than in other bays such as Tangshan Bay. |
| 冀萌萌,田阔,胡成业,张春草,覃胡林,水柏年.2016.三门湾春、秋季游泳动物群落组成及物种多样性研究[J].水生态学杂志,37(2):42-48. |
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