| 壬基酚对1月龄泥鳅的急性毒性及鳃、肝脏组织学损伤研究 |
| Acute and Histological Toxicity of Nonylphenol to the Gill and Liver of one-month-old Misgurnus anguillicaudatus |
| 投稿时间：2015-08-02 修订日期：2016-04-11 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.01.012 |
| 中文关键词:壬基酚 幼龄泥鳅 急性毒性 鳃 肝脏 |
| 英文关键词:nonylphenol Misgurnus anguillicaudatus acute toxicity gill histology liver histology |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31240076)；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2012JM3012)、陕西省高水平大学建设专项资金资助项目(2012SXTS03)；陕西省教育厅科学研究项目(2013JK0710)；延安市科学技术研究发展计划项目（2012KS-15）；延安大学博士科研启动项目（YD2007-112）；生态学陕西省重点学科专项。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究壬基酚(Nonylphenol, NP)对淡水鱼类幼鱼的急性毒性及相关组织的损伤效应，选取平均体质量6.0 g、平均体长9.2 cm的1龄泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)为受试材料，检测壬基酚对幼鱼的急性毒性效应，按等对数间距法，将NP设置为1.69、1.95、2.25、2.60、3.00 mg/L共计 5个浓度处理组进行急性毒性实验，同时设置空白对照组，每组设3个平行样，每个样投放10条泥鳅， 壬基酚对1龄泥鳅24、48、72、96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为3.722、2.939、2.466、2.175 mg/L，安全浓度为0.550 mg/L。组织学切片观察显示，壬基酚高浓度处理使泥鳅鳃小片细胞脱落严重，鳃小片变细；泥鳅肝脏细胞出现空泡、肿大、核脱落等现象，细胞间隙变大，边界模糊。实验表明，壬基酚属于高毒性酚类污染物，对1龄泥鳅的毒性作用是随着暴露浓度增加、作用时间的延长而增强，在高剂量暴露下可造成泥鳅鳃和肝脏组织的严重损伤。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are of great concern to ecologists and environmental scientists. Nonylphenol (NP), an alkyl phenol, is an EDC. Nonylphenol in water, air and soil can accumulate in animals and plants and affect the health of aquatic organisms and ecosystems. At present, toxicity research on nonylphenol has focused primarily on adult fish and used model organisms such as zebra fish. In this study, one-month-old Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were exposed to a range of nonylphenol concentrations and the acute and histological toxicity of nonylphenol to the gills and liver of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus larvae were investigated. The objectives were to provide a scientific basis for managing aquatic pollution and water quality and to provide a reliable method for evaluating the toxicological effects of alkyl phenols to aquatic organisms. In an acute toxicity test, one-month-old Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, with an average mass of 6.0 g and length of 9.2 cm were tested. The tests were run in triplicate with 10 test fish in each control and treatment group, using five NP concentrations (1.69, 1.95, 2.25, 2.60, 3.00 mg/L). When the test began, changes in the body color and activity of test fish were monitored for eight hours. Then, at 24 hour intervals, dead test fish in each group were recorded and removed and the test solution was changed to maintain physicochemical parameters. The gills and liver of test fish exposed to 3.00 mg/L NP were sampled after 24, 48 and 96 hours to detect any histological changes. The calculated median lethal concentration of NP at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours were, respectively, 3.722, 2.939, 2.466, 2.175 mg/L and the safe concentration was 0.550 mg/L. The death rate of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus increased with NP concentration and, at the same NP concentration, the death rate increased with exposure time. There were no deaths in the control groups. Histological examination of gills revealed that, after exposure to 3.00 mg/L NP for 24 h, cells from gill lamellae began sloughing, although the damage was not severe and the essential structure remained intact. At 48 h, sloughing of gill lamellae was more severe and at 96 h sloughing continued and gill lamellae thinned noticeably. Histological examination of the liver revealed swelling and the appearance of bubbles after 48 h of exposure to NP (3.00 mg/L). After 96 h, the cell nucleus disintegrated, cell gap increased and the cell membranes became less distinct. In conclusion, Nonylphenol is highly toxic to one-month-old Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and the toxic response increased with NP concentration and exposure time. Damage to gill and liver tissues was severe, likely exacerbated by the immature gills and liver of larval-stage Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and lower capacities for respiration, excretion and detoxification. Compared with adult fish, the larvae are more susceptible to NP toxicity and require more protection. This study also indicates that, due to high sensitivity, larval fish can be valuable as indicators for use in environmental pollution monitoring. |
| 戚珍珠,雷 忻,王 静,李丽琴,行文珍.2016.壬基酚对1月龄泥鳅的急性毒性及鳃、肝脏组织学损伤研究[J].水生态学杂志,37(1):87-92. |
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