| 南水北调中线工程对丹江口库区生物多样性的影响分析 |
| Environmental Impact of the Middle Section of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project on Biological Diversity in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area |
| 投稿时间：2015-07-06 修订日期：2015-09-21 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.04.002 |
| 中文关键词:南水北调中线工程 丹江口水库 生物多样性 |
| 英文关键词:middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project Danjiangkou Reservoir biological diversity influence |
| 基金项目:中国长江三峡集团公司监测项目（0382013）。 |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 2776 |
| 全文下载次数: 3368 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 分析南水北调中线工程对丹江口库区生物多样性的影响，提出保护丹江口库区生物多样性的对策建议，为制定该区域生态环境保护措施提供依据。通过资料收集和野外调查，统计丹江口库区野生植物、陆生动物和水生生物资源。库区内有维管束植物171科752属2059种, 陆生脊椎动物4纲28目96科306种，浮游植物8门60属100种及变种，浮游动物4大类96种（属），鱼类7目17科88种。南水北调中线工程建设和运营对植被的不利影响主要表现为工程占地、水库蓄水淹没、后靠安置移民占用以及毁林开荒对植物生境的破坏；对陆生动物的影响主要表现为水库蓄水后造成生境的萎缩、工程施工噪声影响、大坝工程施工的生活垃圾和污水对生境的干扰、人类活动的干扰等；大坝加高后，库中浮游生物种类组成不会发生明显变化，总量会显著增加；大坝蓄水后库区面积扩大，现有底栖动物的种类组成不会发生太大变化，但分布区域扩大，总生物量会有限增加且出现季节性变化；大坝加高蓄水后回水区上延，水流变缓，对四大家鱼和其他产漂流性卵的鱼类产卵场影响较大，对产粘性卵的鱼类繁殖不会产生明显不利影响。建议加强库区防护林体系的建设，采用湿地植被栽种、土壤种子库移植等生态工程措施加快新的消落带湿地植被恢复，禁止捕猎野生动物，合理调节农业生产结构和方式，开展鱼类救护和实施鱼类增殖放流。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Danjiangkou Reservoir area is the primary water resource of the middle section of South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the ecological environment of this area directly influences drinking water quality in North China. The effect of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project on the ecological environment of Danjiangkou Reservoir area, especially after water impoundment and the disruption caused by invasion of exotic species has caused concern. Biological diversity is an important component of ecological stability. In this study, the biological diversity of plants, animals and aquatic organisms in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area was investigated and analyzed, based on field investigations and previously collected data. The goals are to (1) assess the influence of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project on the ecological environment of the Danjiangkou reservoir area, (2) provide a base for conserving biodiversity and the ecological integrity of the resource and (3) protect the quality of drinking water. A total of 2,059 species of vascular plant (752 genera and 171 families), 306 terrestrial vertebrate species (96 families, 28 orders and 4 classes), 100 phytoplankton species (60 genera, 8 phyla), 96 zooplankton species (4 categories) and 88 fish species (17 families, 7 orders) were recorded during the investigation. Construction and operation of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project required immigrant resettlement and deforestation resulting in habitat loss for terrestrial vertebrates and water impoundment inundated plant habitat and altered the aquatic environment. The plankton composition in Danjiangkou Reservoir did not change markedly, but plankton biomass increased significantly after the dam height was increased. The zoobenthos community structure also remained about the same, but the distribution of the zoobenthos increased with reservoir width after water impoundment and seasonal variation increased. After impoundment, the decrease in reservoir water flow severely affected spawning of four major Chinese carp species and other fish species producing pelagic eggs, but had no obvious adverse effect on fish producing demersal eggs. Suggestions for the protection of biodiversity were offered, including the construction of a shelter forest belt in the reservoir area, restoration of wetland vegetation in the newly created water-level fluctuation zone, prohibition of hunting of wild animals, fish species conservation and implementation of fish breeding and release program. |
| 包洪福,孙志禹,陈凯麒.2015.南水北调中线工程对丹江口库区生物多样性的影响分析[J].水生态学杂志,36(4):14-19. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 HTML |
|
|
|
