| 金沙鲈鲤人工繁殖技术研究 |
| Artificial Propagation of Percocypris pingi |
| 投稿时间：2015-06-25 修订日期：2016-08-10 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.04.013 |
| 中文关键词:金沙鲈鲤 人工繁殖 |
| 英文关键词:Percocypris pingi pingi artificial propagation |
| 基金项目:贵州省农委育种专项项目“鲈鲤种质资源保护及繁育技术研究” 黔农育专字[2011]018号；“贵州省特色水产产业技术体系”项目（GZCYTX2013-011）；省农科院成果培育与人才培养项目“鲈鲤驯养及繁育技术研究” 黔农科院CR合字（2014）46号；贵州省农委育种专项项目“鲈鲤人工驯养繁殖关键技术研究” 黔农育专字[2015]022号 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 金沙鲈鲤（Percocypris pingi）是我国特有的珍贵野生鱼类，具有肉质鲜美、低胆固醇、低脂肪、高蛋白质等特点，是一种待开发的鱼类新品种。由于生态环境恶化，加上近年来大量水利工程建设、江河污染、酷鱼滥捕等原因，鲈鲤的自然种群资源量锐减，有些原产地已消失，已被列为易危物种。为保护此珍贵鱼类，本研究从乌江上游六冲河流域的总溪河、七星关河等地采集并经过人工驯化养殖达到性成熟的野生金沙鲈鲤，采用LRH、PG、HCG混合催产剂、三次胸鳍基部注射的方法，对内塘微流水培育的野生金沙鲈鲤进行催产。结果表明，内塘微流水养殖条件下，野生亲本可以发育成熟。水温14~17℃时，催产率为62%~67%，效应时间为45~50h，受精率为79%~82%，孵化率为59%~61%，平均孵化时间为170.5h，初孵仔鱼体长7.8~10.8mm。根据对金沙鲈鲤胚胎发育外部形态及典型特征的观察，将其胚胎发育过程划分为受精卵、胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜8个阶段。利用绞碎的红线虫开口并逐步过渡到全人工饲料投喂，30d后仔鱼成活率71%~74%，仔鱼平均体长1.3~2.4cm。人工繁殖技术的成功，可获得大量苗种，为金沙鲈鲤增值放流提供了基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Percocypris pingi is a unique and precious wild fish endemic primarily to the upper Yangtze River and its tributaries in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces. Due to environmental deterioration, construction of hydroelectric projects, pollution and overfishing, P. pingi populations have decreased sharply and disappeared from some of its original habitat. P. Pingi has been listed as a vulnerable species, the need to conserve this species is urgent and we describe here the artificial propagation of P. Pingi. Wild parental P. Pingi were collected from Zongxi River and Qixingguan River (Liuchong river basin) and raised to sexual maturity by artificial feeding. In July, 2014, wild P. pingi were induced to spawn by injecting mixed LRH, PG and HCG under the pectoral fin three times. The second injection was 10-15 days after the first injection and the time interval was just 45-50 h between the second and the third injection. Results show that wild P. pingi can grow and develop in a pond culture with running water. After 45-50 h, a total of 169,000 eggs were obtained (oxytocin rate, 62%-67%). Artificial fertilization was carried out using the dry method (fertilization rate, 79%-82%). The fertilized eggs were cultured under running water in an incubator（0.4 m×0.39 m×0.15 m）at a water depth of 30-35 cm and fertilized egg density of 10000-20000 eggs per incubator. After 160-182 h, the newly hatched P. pingi larvae were released with an average hatch time of 170.5h (hatch rate, 59%-61%) and an average length of 7.8-10.8mm. The embryonic development of P. Pingi can be divided into 8 stages; fertilized egg, blastoderm, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neurula, organ formation and larvae release from membrane. From minced red worm to artificial feed, the survival rate was 71%-74% after 30d and the average body length of the fry was 1.3-2.4 cm. The successful artificial propagation of P. pingi provides a basis for culture and release of P. pingi. |
| 詹会祥,杨德国,李正友,王艳艳,周礼敬,吴兴兵,杨林.2016.金沙鲈鲤人工繁殖技术研究[J].水生态学杂志,37(4):84-88. |
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