| 淀山湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其影响因子 |
| Community Structure of Zooplankton and Influencing Factors in Dianshan Lake of Shanghai |
| 投稿时间：2015-04-27 修订日期：2015-07-24 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.04.010 |
| 中文关键词:浮游动物 群落结构 环境因子 淀山湖 |
| 英文关键词:zooplankton community structure environmental factor Dianshan Lake |
| 基金项目:上海市科委科技攻关项目(08DZl203100)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为进一步了解生态修复后淀山湖水域浮游动物的群落特征，于2013年3－12月对淀山湖浮游动物包括轮虫、浮游甲壳动物的种类组成、数量、优势种和生物多样性等进行研究，并初步探讨了浮游动物群落结构与浮游植物、水体理化因子的关系。结果表明，4次淀山湖水域调查共检出浮游动物60种，其中轮虫有31种(占总种类数的51.7%)，枝角类19种(31.7%)，桡足类10种(16.7%)；主要优势种有萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus lschizocerca)、矩形龟甲轮虫(Keratella quadrala)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、球状许水蚤(Schmackeria forbesi)、简弧象鼻溞(Bosmina coregoni)、长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)等，其中3－6月和9－12月的优势种更替明显。平均密度和平均生物量分别为78.10 个/L和2.06 mg/L，轮虫对3月和12月总密度贡献值最大，枝角类对6月和9月总密度贡献值最大。生物多样性指数总体上表现为12月和9月高于3月和6月、上游高于下游的分布特征。相关性分析表明，浮游植物种类、甲藻密度、裸藻密度、隐藻密度、水温、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、高锰酸盐指数与浮游动物群落显著相关。采用生物多样性指数法及指示生物类型对水质状况进行初步评价，淀山湖水质有改善趋势，总体呈β-中污型污染程度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Dianshan Lake, located in the Taihu Lake basin at the border of Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City, is the largest natural freshwater lake in Shanghai. It is an important source of drinking water and is within the eco-conservation district of upstream Huangpu River. Over the past 10 years, with the rapid development of the regional economy, the waters of Dianshan Lake became eutrophic. Shanghai municipality took measures for bioremediation and endogenous pollution control to prevent algae blooms and eutrophication of Dianshan Lake has gradually improved. The ecosystem is recovering according to water monitoring data for Dianshan Lake from 2008-2010. To better understand the zooplankton community in Dianshan Lake after ecological restoration, an investigation was conducted from March to December of 2013. Species composition and density, dominant species and biodiversity of rotifers and planktonic crustaceans were measured. After obtaining the data, the relationship of the zooplankton community structure was correlated with environmental factors including phytoplankton and water quality. The samples were taken in March, June, September and December of 2013 at 12 sampling sites (S1-S12): S1-S3 located in the downstream section of Dianshan Lake; S6, S8-S10 in the upstream section; S7 and S11 located in the open water zone; S4, S5, and S12 located near the east or west bank of the lake where the influence of inflow water was mild. Zooplankton samples for qualitative analysis were collected at 0.5 m under the surface with No.25 plankton net, and fixed with 4% formalin. 10 L water samples for quantitative analysis of copepods and cladocera were collected at 0.5 m with a No. 25 net into a glass water sampler, and fixed with 4% formalin after concentration to 5 L. For quantitative analysis of rotifers, 1 L water sample were collected at 0.5 m and, after shaking well, fixed with 4% formalin and Lugol’s solution and then concentrated to 50 mL by settling 24 h. All samples were taken to the laboratory for species identification, counting and weighing. Phytoplankton sampling and measurement of physicochemical parameters (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen) were carried out simultaneously. A total of 60 zooplankton species were identified:31 species of rotifer (51.7%), 19 species of cladocera (31.7%), and 10 species of copepod (16.7%). The dominant species were Brachionus calyciflorus, B. schizocerca, Keratella quadrala, Asplanchna priodonta, Mesocyclops leuckarti, Schmackeria forbesi, Bosmina coregoni, B. longirostris, and Diaphanosoma brachyurum. From March to June, and from September and December, the dominant species varied significantly. The mean density and biomass of zooplankton were 78.10 ind/L and 2.06 mg/L, with the highest density occurring in September. Total zooplankton density was determined by rotifers in March and December and by cladocera in June and September. Generally，the values of Shannon-Wiener indices (H′), species richness indices (d) and Pielou evenness indices (J′) were higher in September and December than in March and June, and higher upstream than downstream. Correlation analysis indicates a significant association between the zooplankton community and environmental factors such as phytoplankton species, density of pyrrophyta, density of euglenophyta, density of cryptophyta, water temperature, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, permanganate index and chemical oxygen demand. Based on analysis of the biological diversity index and indicator organisms, the water quality of Dianshan Lake can be regarded as β mesosaprobity (moderately polluted) with an improving trend. |
| 李强,田华,姜民,蔡文婕,曹玥.2015.淀山湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其影响因子[J].水生态学杂志,36(4):69-77. |
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