| 鳙对光色和光强的选择性试验 |
| Effect of Light Color and Intensity for Attracting Aristichthys nobilis |
| 投稿时间：2014-10-31 修订日期：2015-01-05 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.03.011 |
| 中文关键词:光色 光强 鳙 船闸 过鱼效果 |
| 英文关键词:light color light intensity bighead carp ship lock fish passage efficiency |
| 基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项( 201201030)；贵州北盘江电力股份有限公司合作项( SDHZ2012136) 。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究船闸过鱼技术，利用自制的葛州坝船闸模型装置研究了鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）对红、白、蓝、绿、黄5种光色和光强的选择性。鳙在红、蓝、绿、黄、白色光5个区域中出现的次数百分比分别是（68.01%±7.09）%、（3.24%±2.04）%、（5.7%±4.28）%、（7.76%±2.19）%、（15.30%±2.83）%，鳙表现出偏好红色光。在红色光区域，鳙出现次数百分比随时间先减小后增大，在第60min时出现最小值（46.17%），整个试验过程变化显著，变化值28.16%；在白色光区域，鳙出现次数百分比先增大后减小，最大值达28.83%，变化值16.83%；黄、绿色光2个区域鳙出现次数百分比随时间无明显变化，变化值4.66%；蓝色光区域鳙出现次数百分比呈上下波动趋势，但总体平稳，变化值为11.35%。鳙对绿色光、黄色光表现出明显的负趋光性，对红色光表现出正趋光性。鳙平均出现次数百分比与时间的关系：红色光下，在强光区随时间呈下降趋势，在暗区变化趋势与强光区相反；绿色光下，只有暗区总体呈下降趋势但变化不显著，其他区域基本不变；蓝色光下，在所有区域均表现出上下波动、整体平稳的变化趋势；黄色光下，在暗区先增大后减小，亮区和强光区均呈先减小后增大趋势；白色光下，在暗区先减小后增大，而强光区先增大后减小，亮区无显著变化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ship locks, connecting the channel segments upstream and downstream of a dam, have the best potential for fish passage. Some researchers have suggested that the passage efficiency of the ship lock could be improved by using a behavior guidance system designed according to the phototaxis or phonotaxis of the target fish species. Aristichthys nobilis is one of four major Chinese carp species and is the primary economic fish of the Yangtze River Basin. In this study, we explored the effect of light color and intensity for attracting Aristichthys nobilis in a test device modeled on the Gezhouba Ship lock and based on phototaxis. The aim of the study is to improve the fish passage technology of ship locks. Five light colors (red, blue, green, yellow and white) and five different light intensities (Zone 1: dark zone; Zone 2-4: light zones; Zone 5: strong light zone) were used in the investigation. Two hundred test fish with an average body length of (12.8±1.6) cm and body mass of (34.25±2.75) g were maintained in a tank at temperature 20oC, pH 7.5 and DO 7.8 mg/L. 30 Aristichthys nobilis were selected for each experiment and the distribution of Aristichthys nobilis was recorded using a high definition camera at 3 min intervals. The experiment was conducted from 22:00-06:00; each test lasted for 2hr and repeated three times. Results indicate that Aristichthys nobilis displays an obvious preference for red light. The percentage of fish found in areas of red, blue, green, yellow and white lighting were, respectively, (68.01±7.09)%, (3.24±2.04)%, (5.7±4.28)%, (7.76±2.19)% and (15.30±2.83)%. In the red light area, the occurrence percentage of Aristichthys nobilis decreased initially and then increased, with the minimum value (46.17%) at 60min. The occurrence percentage under red lighting varied significantly with time (28.16% between the maximum and minimum). Fish occurrence in the white lighted area also increased initially and then decreased, with a maximum percentage of 28.83% and range of 16.83%. The percentage occurrences of fish observed in the yellow and green light areas displayed little variation over time, with a range of 4.66%. The fish number in the blue light area fluctuated smoothly up and down, with a range of 11.35%. Aristichthys nobilis showed obvious negative phototaxis to green and yellow light and an obvious positive phototaxis to the red light. As to the effect of green light intensity, there was little difference in the occurrence percentage of Aristichthys nobilis between the light zone and strong light zone, but the percentage (75.58%) was significantly higher in the dark zone (P<0.05). The number of fish in the dark zone displayed a decreasing trend over time but it was not significant. Under red light, the occurrence percentage of Aristichthys nobilis increased from light intensity Zone 1 to Zone 5 but the number in the strong light zone declined over time while it increased in the dark zone. Under yellow light, the occurrence percentage of Aristichthys nobilis decreased with increasing light intensity and the percentage in Zone 1 (36.97%) was significantly higher than that of in Zone 5 (4.90%). Over time, the number of fish in the dark zone initially increased and then decreased, while in the light and strong light zones, the number initially decreased and then increased. Under white light, the occurrence percentage of Aristichthys nobilis was higher in Zone 1 and Zone 5 (with no difference between Zone 1 and Zone 5) and the percentage in Zones 2-4 were approximately the same. The fish number in the dark zone decreased initially and then increased over time, while in the strong light zone there was an initial increase followed by a decrease and no significant change in the light zone. Under blue light, the occurrence percentage of Aristichthys nobilis displayed no obvious difference among the five zones and the fish occurring in each zone varied little over time. |
| 秦孝辉,王从锋,莫伟均,汪玲珑,陈明明,熊锋,刘德富,龚万阳.2015.鳙对光色和光强的选择性试验[J].水生态学杂志,36(3):66-71. |
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