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短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育特性研究

Embryonic and Early Larval Development of Schizothorax wangchiachii

投稿时间：2014-09-17 修订日期：2014-11-16

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2015.03.013

英文关键词:Schizothorax wangchiachii embryonic development yolk-sac larval development

基金项目:华能龙开口水电有限公司项目(LKK2012/P42)；云南省科学技术厅项目（2013HB125）；云南水产种质资源平台运行服务项目（2014）。

作者	单位	E-mail
左鹏翔^*	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；	327495031@qq.com
李光华	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
冷云	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
张建斌	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
缪祥军	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
王志飞	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
崔丽莉	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
梁祥	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
钟文武	云南省渔业科学研究院,云南昆明 650111；
尹翔	华能龙开口水电有限公司龙开口水电站建设管理局,云南鹤庆 671505
胡思波	华能龙开口水电有限公司龙开口水电站建设管理局,云南鹤庆 671505

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中文摘要:

为积累短须裂腹鱼的基础生物学资料，并对规模化人工繁殖提供理论指导，利用养殖条件下的短须裂腹鱼亲鱼，通过干法授精获得受精卵，对其胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育全过程进行连续观察。短须裂腹鱼受精卵的平均卵径为2.36mm，吸水膨胀后为3.68mm，沉性卵、弱粘性、卵黄丰富。在水温（14±1）℃的条件下，受精后6h30min进入卵裂期，20h55min进入囊胚期，60h28min进入原肠期，70h4min进入原肠中期，77h52min进入神经胚期，142h肌肉开始收缩，177h46min进入心动期，254h40min开始出膜。孵化全过程所需积温为3565.3℃•h。初孵仔鱼全长8.7mm。出膜后第2～9天，胸鳍、鳃、口腔、眼色素、体内血管等器官相继发育完全；第10天仔鱼全长达15.15mm，鳔充气，鱼苗开始平游和觅食。孵化过程中应重点防控水霉病。早期仔鱼可以投喂轮虫、蛋黄或者豆浆等，待仔鱼捕食能力变强之后，可以投喂更加适口的枝角类、嫩口丰年虫等。

英文摘要:

Schizothorax wangchiachii is one of the primary economic fish in the Jinsha River and its tributaries. The species is also ecologically important and one of the indigenous fish listed in the artificial breeding and release program for Longkaikou and Ahai hydropower stations on the middle Jinsha River. The potential for large-scale culturing of S. wangchiachii is indicated by high market demand and declining wild populations. However, little is presently known about embryonic and larval development of S. wangchiachii. In this study embryonic and early larval stage S. wangchiachii, maintained under controlled laboratory conditions, were described and illustrated. On March 9, 2014, parental stock was selected from the breeding and release station at Longkaikou hydropower station and a total of 67 860 zygotes were obtained by dry fertilization. The incubation of zygotes and the culture of yolk-sac larvae were conducted in an incubator at constant water temperature (14±1℃) and embryonic and larval development were observed using a Nikon stereoscopic anatomical lens and recorded with a Nikon DS-Fil high-definition camera. At least 30 zygotes were sampled once each hour during the first 48-hour zygote development phase and sampled once every two hours after that. Then twenty larvae were sampled each day. Results show that mature and fertilized eggs were demersal, weakly glutinous with abundant yolk. The average diameter of fertilized eggs was 2.36mm and 3.68mm after swelling. Cleavage began at 6h 30min after fertilization at 14±1oC. Blastula, gastrula and mid-gastrula stages occurred, respectively, at 20h 55min, 60h 28min and 70h 4min after fertilization. The neurula stage occurred at 77h 52min and muscles were observed to shrink at 142h after fertilization. Heart pulsation began at 177h 46min and the newly hatched larvae were released from the membrane at 254h 40min after fertilization. Cumulative temperature was up to 3565.3oC during the development process. The average total length of newly hatched larvae was 8.7 mm. The pectoral fins, gills, mouth cavity, eye pigmentation, blood vessels and other organs developed gradually from day 2-9 after hatching. On day 10 after hatching, the larvae reached 15.15 mm and initial swim bladder inflation began. Yolk-sac absorption was complete after day 10 and the larvae could swim horizontally and began to search for food (rotifers were supplied). The development time sequence and morphological characteristics of Schizothorax wangchiachii development from zygote to yolk-sac larvae presented here will lay a theoretical foundation for industrial breeding of Schizothorax wangchiachii.

左鹏翔,李光华,冷云,张建斌,缪祥军,王志飞,崔丽莉,梁祥,钟文武,尹翔,胡思波.2015.短须裂腹鱼胚胎与仔鱼早期发育特性研究[J].水生态学杂志,36(3):77-82.

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