| 三峡水库运行对汉丰湖湿地植物群落及生境的影响 |
| Impacts Operating Three Gorges Reservoir on the Habitat and Plant Community in Hanfeng Lake |
| 投稿时间：2014-03-10 修订日期：2014-06-22 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:三峡水库 湿地植物 生境特征 汉丰湖 |
| 英文关键词:Three Gorges Reservoir wetland plants habitat characteristics Hanfeng Lake |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题（2012BAC06B04）；国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项（2013ZX07104-004）；三峡后续工作科研项目（2013HXKY2-3） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2012年9月和2013年9月对汉丰湖湿地5个断面的生境和植物群落特征进行了调查，分析了三峡水库蓄水运行对汉丰湖湿地植物群落及土壤生境的影响。结果表明，维管束植物共计59种，隶属于26科、20属，其中菊科、禾本科和蓼科的种类数较多；植物群落以草本植物为主，其中一年生草本植物占54.2%，多年生草本植物占37.3%；植物群落鲜重、高度和盖度依次为2031.5（488.3～6586.1）g/m2、59.2（19.6～102.2）cm、109%（23%~201%）；土壤容重、pH、有机质、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾的平均值分别1.32（1.00~1.60） g/cm3、8.15（6.83~8.59）、10.03（1.40~22.5）g/kg、29.37（6.00~94.38）mg/kg、12.18（1.33~59.37）mg/kg 和46.13（2.5~219）mg/kg；重要值较大的植物有狗牙根（22.84±5.78）、牛鞭草（16.38±13.27）、马唐（11.10±12.27）、无芒稗（10.83±3.64）和狗尾草（9.56±5.38）；环境影响因子主要为土壤pH值和有效钾含量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The plant community, soil bulk density and nutrient levels displayed evident spatial and temporal changes in the water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, due to significant water-level variation in winter and summer since the experimental impoundment in 2008. We analyzed the impact of the operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on the habitat and plant community of Hanfeng Lake wetland and the results provide data to support effective management of wetland ecosystem succession and maintenance of stability. Hanfeng Lake is located in Kai County of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The lake’s water level is mainly influenced by the operation of Three Gorged Reservoir. The plant community and habitat across five transects in Hanfeng Lake were investigated in 2012 and 2013. Five 30×40m transects were established (A, B, C, D, E) in Hanfeng Lake. Biomass above ground, height and cover of the plant community were measured and soil samples were collected in three 1×1 m plots along the elevation gradient (160-165 m, 166 -170 m and 171-175 m) of each transect. The soil bulk density was measured by the cutting-ring method, and the physio-chemical parameters and the available nutrient content of 90 soil samples at 0-20cm depth were determined and compared with the data from an earlier study carried out in 2010. A total of 59 species of vascular plants belonging to 20 genera were recorded, with rich species diversity among Asteraceae, Gramineae and Polygonaceae. Vegetation was dominated by herbaceous plants with percentages of annual and perennial herbs accounting, respectively, for 54.2% and 37.3% of total species. The range of fresh weight in the plant community was 488.3-6586.1 g/m2, the height range was 19.6-102.2 cm and the cover range was 23%-201%, with mean values of 2031.5 g/m2, 59.2 cm and 109%, respectively. The ranges of soil density, pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were 1.00-1.60 g/cm3, 6.83-8.59, 1.40-22.5 g/kg, 6.00-94.38 mg/kg, 1.33-59.37 mg/kg and 2.50-219.00 mg/kg, with mean values of 1.32g/cm3, 8.15, 10.03g/kg, 29.37 mg/kg, 12.18 mg/kg and 46.13 mg/kg, respectively. Plant species with high importance values were Cynodon dactylon (22.84±5.78), Hemarthria altissima (16.38±13.27, Digitaria sanguinalis (11.10±12.27), Echinochloa mitis (10.83±3.64）and Setaria viridis (9.56±5.38). Monte Carlo testing revealed that pH and concentration of available potassium are the primary environmental variables affecting the importance value of species. Results indicate that variations in the plant community in Hanfeng Lake can be attributed primarily to changes in habitat due to operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir.
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| 张志永,潘晓洁,郑志伟,胡红青,程丽,李春辉,丁庆秋,万成炎.2014.三峡水库运行对汉丰湖湿地植物群落及生境的影响[J].水生态学杂志,35(5):1-7. |
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