| 汉江中下游底栖动物群落结构特征研究 |
| Zoobenthos Communities in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River |
| 投稿时间：2013-11-07 修订日期：2014-01-17 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:汉江中下游 底栖动物 群落结构 |
| 英文关键词:middle-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River zoobenthos community structure |
| 基金项目:水利部公益性行业科研专项（201001001-03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2011年7月（丰水期）、10月（平水期）和2012年4月（枯水期）对汉江中下游段底栖动物进行调查。共采集到底栖动物57种，隶属4门7纲15目31科，其中水生昆虫31种、寡毛类3种、软体动物13种、其他类群10种。常见种为钩虾（Gammaridae sp）、长臂虾种1（Palaemonidae sp1）、匙指虾（Atyidae sp）、苏氏尾鳃蚓（Branchiura sowerbyi）、梨形环棱螺（Bellamya purificata）、方格短沟蜷（Semisulcospira cancellata）和椭圆萝卜螺（Radix swinhoei）。检出物种数排序为枯水期>丰水期>平水期，中游段检出的物种数（50种）明显多于下游段（22种），中下游出现频率均大于30%的物种有方格短沟蜷、椭圆萝卜螺和长臂虾种1。汉江中、下游的底栖动物群落结构差异不显著(P=0.1423)，方格短沟蜷、长臂虾种1、梨形环棱螺、多足摇蚊、钩虾和匙指虾对中下游底栖动物群落结构差异的贡献率均超过5%，累计贡献率达57.55%。底栖动物群落结构组成上枯水期和丰水期（P=0.0961）、枯水期和平水期（P=0.1261）差异均不显著，丰水期和平水期差异达到显著水平（P=0.002）。钩虾和方格短沟蜷对枯水期和丰水期之间底栖动物群落结构差异的贡献率超过10%，长臂虾种1、方格短沟蜷和栉水虱对枯水期和平水期以及丰水期和平水期之间底栖动物群落结构差异的贡献率均超过11%。底栖动物平均密度枯水期199.71个/m2，丰水期168.45个/m2，平水期160.71个/m2；平均生物量平水期45.59g/m2，丰水期40.7981g/m2，枯水期37.0052g/m2。底栖动物的密度和生物量在各时期的差异均不显著（P>0.05），但在空间分布上中游（丹江口-皇庄）高于下游（皇庄以下）（P=0.0813）。Shannon-Wiener指数枯水期1.6121，丰水期1.5197，平水期0.7868，从中游往下，生物多样性逐渐降低。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Danjiangkou Reservoir on the Hanjiang River is the source of water for the middle section of the South-North Water Diversion Project. Operation of the water diversion project reduces water inflow to the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, adversely affecting the aquatic ecology of the middle-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River (from the dam at Danjiangkou Reservoir to the confluence of the Hanjiang River with the Yangtze River, extending ~650km). In this study, the community structure of zoobenthos in the middle-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River was characterized and the relationship between zoobenthos and water quality was analyzed. Results expand the zoobenthos data available for this section of the Hanjiang River and provide information necessary to assess the ecological impact of the middle section of south-north water diversion project. Fieldwork was carried out at 12 sites (depth <1m) on the Hanjiang River during the wet season (July, 2011), the normal season (October, 2011) and the dry season (April, 2012). Zoobenthos samples were collected with a grab sampler (sample area = 0.1575m2, two or four replicates) and the sieved samples were fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution for identification. At the same time, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were determined using a Hach potable water quality analyzer and water samples were collected for laboratory determination of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), chlorophyll a (chl-a) and ammonia nitrogen ( NH3-N). A total of 57 species from 4 phyla, 7 classes, 15 orders and 31 families were identified, including 31species of aquatic insects, 3 oligochaetes, 13 mollusks and 10 species of other faunas. Among these species, the most commonly encountered were Gammaridae sp., Palaemonidae sp.1, Atyidae sp., Branchiura sowerbyi, Bellamya purificata, Semisulcospira cancellata and Radix swinhoei. Species diversity was the highest in April and the lowest in October. Species diversity (50 species) in the middle reaches was clearly higher than in the lower reaches (22 species)，with > 30% occurrence frequency for Semisulcospira cancellata, Radix swinhoei and Palaemonidae sp. in both the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. The spatial variation of the zoobenthos community structure between the middle and the lower reaches was not significant (P=0.1423). However, Semisulcospira cancellata, Palaemonidae sp.1, Bellamya purificata, Polypedilum sp., Gammaridae sp. and Atyidae sp. contributed more than 5% to community differences in the middle and lower reaches and the cumulative contribution of these species was 57.55%. The temporal variation of community structure between dry season and wet season (P=0.0961), between dry season and normal season (P=0.1261) was not significant, while the differences between wet season and normal season were significant (P=0.002). Gammaridae sp. and Semisulcospira cancellata contributed >10% to the differences in community structure between dry season and wet season, while the contributions of Palaemonidae sp.1, Semisulcospira cancellata and Atyidae sp. were >11% between both dry season and normal season and wet season and normal season. The average density of zoobenthos in dry season, wet season, and normal season were 199.71 ind/m2, 168.4 ind/m2 and 160.71ind/m2, and the biomass was 37.0052g/m2, 40.7981g/m2 and 45.59g/m2 respectively. No significant temporal differences were found in the sampling stations (P>0.05), while the densities and biomass in the middle reaches (Danjiangkou-Huangzhuang) were higher than those of the lower reaches (below Huangzhuang) (P=0.0813). The Shannon-Wiener indices were 1.6121 in dry season, 1.5197 in wet season and 0.7868 in normal season, gradually decreasing from the middle reaches to the low reaches and is related to the continuously declining water quality from the middle to lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. The succession of the zoobenthos community structure in the middle-lower reaches basically reflects the influence of development on the aquatic ecology of the river. |
| 池仕运,陈胜,汪红军,马沛明,胡菊香.2014.汉江中下游底栖动物群落结构特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,35(5):82-90. |
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