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傀儡湖鱼类群落结构及其主要食物组成研究

Study on Structure of Fish Community and Diet Composition of Dominant Fishes in Lake Kuilei

投稿时间：2011-07-05 修订日期：2011-11-01

DOI：

英文关键词:Lake Kuilei fish community diet composition

基金项目: 科技部巢湖水专项(2008ZX07103-005-4)资助

作者	单位	E-mail
张晶晶^*	安徽农业大学生命科学学院，合肥　２３００３	zjj-716@163.com

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中文摘要:

为了分析傀儡湖鱼类对水环境的影响,于2010年1-12月研究了傀儡湖的渔获量、组成比例和主要鱼类食物组成。结果表明,傀儡湖渔获物中,发现有9科、26种鱼类,其中鲤科鱼类最多,有18种,占鱼类种数的69.23%;鱼类组成中,鲢和鳙为优势种,分别占总渔获量的(20.82±8.06)%和(41.58±19.24)%;主要鱼类的食物组成中,优势种鲢、鳙摄食浮游植物,以蓝藻门和硅藻门为主,摄食的浮游动物中以枝角类为主,鳡和翘嘴鲌等肉食性鱼类主要摄食鱼类和虾类。傀儡湖鱼类种类较少,可能是因为投放鱼苗种类单一以及鳡对其它鱼类造成危害所致;鱼类生物量偏高,主要由于鳙投放数量过多造成的;底层鱼类数量偏多。根据Shapiro经典生物操纵理论,应该减少鳙的鱼种投放量,增加浮游动物数量,从而控制浮游植物的生长,以达到改善水质和恢复鱼类资源的效果。

英文摘要:

The fish catches，fish community composition and diet composition of 2010 for the analyses of impact of fish community on the water environment. The results showed that:(1)26 species fish belonging to 9 families were found in the fish catches，of which Cyprinidae is the dominant family with 18 species，accounting for 69. 23 % of total fish species;(2)Hypophthal-michthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilos became the dominant fishes in the lake，respectively accounting for( 20. 82±8.06)%，(41.58±19. 24)% of the total fish catches;(3)In the diet composition of the dominant fishes，the dominant species，H. molitrix and A. nobilos mainly fed on phytoplankton，i.e. Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta，and partly fed on zooplankton，namely Cladocera，while the carnivorous fish(Elopichthys bambusa and Culter alburnus ) mainly fed on fishes and shrimps. The status of fewer fish species in the lake was possibly caused by species singularity of releasing fish fry and the competitiveness of E. bambusa to other fishes; high fish biomass was mainly caused by the excessive number of A. nohilos put in; the quantity of demersal fishes was large. According to the classical biological control theory of Shapiro，the quantity of A. nobilos released should be reduced while the quantity of zooplankton should be increased to control phytoplankton，improve water quality and restore fish resources.

张晶晶.2011.傀儡湖鱼类群落结构及其主要食物组成研究[J].水生态学杂志,32(6):66-71.

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