| 湘华鲮的生物学特征及资源动态研究 |
| Biological Characteristic and Resource Dynamic of Sinilabeo decorus tungting |
| 投稿时间：2011-06-03 修订日期：2011-07-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词:湘华鲮 生物学特征 资源动态 |
| 英文关键词:Sinilabeo decorus tungting(Nichols) biological characteristic resource dynamic |
| 基金项目:湖南省科技计划项目（2006NK3128）；湖南省畜牧水产局养殖业科研项目（XMY200608、200710、200806）；湖南省中央财政农业技术推广项目（湘财农指[2008]155号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解湘华鲮(Sinilabeo decorus tungting)资源动态,统计了1961-2005年沅水流域湘华鲮分布水域和年产量数据,2006-2010年实地调查了湘华鲮历史分布区域(湘江、资江、沅江、澧水流域及洞庭湖)的资源现状。结果表明,湖南境内沅水流域湘华鲮产量在1961-1980年保持较高水平,年均产量在160t以上,此后的产量急剧减少;2006-2010年,年均产量仅0.85t。近5年均在资水新邵段发现了湘华鲮,而在湘江、澧水流域和洞庭湖均未发现,目前湘华鲮主要分布于湖南怀化的沅水干流和资水新邵段中。近5年在湖南境内沅水流域仅发现5个小型的自然产卵场。湘华鲮体重(W)与体长(L)关系为:W=0.0439L2.9026(R2=0.9788);年龄组成为1～6龄,以2龄最多,占总数的27.50%;繁殖群体以3龄鱼为主,占总数的57.75%。雌雄比为0.76∶1,性成熟系数(15.72±2.26)%,相对怀卵量(273±28)粒/g,属1年1次产卵类型。湘华鲮栖息在底质为砂石地带、透明度(175±34)cm、溶解氧(8.84±0.55)mg/L、pH值(7.6±0.3)的流水中，已属濒危物种，其致危因素主要为水利电力拦河建坝与违禁捕鱼。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The historical distribution of Sinilabeo decorus tungting(Nichols) in Yuanjiang River basin from 1961 to 2005 and the present distribution in Xiangjiang River，Zishui River，Yuanjiang River, Lishui River basin and Dongting Lake from 2006 to 2010 were investigated in this paper. The results showed that S. decorus tungting was widely distributed over Hunan，Hubei，Guizhou Province and Chongqing City，before 1975. The annual average output of S. decorus tungting in Yuanjiang River basin in Hunan Province exceed 160 t from 1961 to 1981，but that of S. decorus tungting from 2006 to 2010 was only 0.85 t. In recent five years the resource was only distributed over Hunan and Guizhou Province，mostly concentrated on the stream of Yuanshui River, Wushui River and ZishuiRiver, and wasn't found in Xiangjiang Rive，Lishui River basin and Dongting Lake. Random sampling was analyzed and the results showed，relationship between weight(W) and length(L):W=0. 0439L2.9026(R2=0. 9788).The colonies were formed by six aging groups from Ⅰto VI，the ratio of group II to total colonies was 27. 50%. The breeding colonies were mainly formed by one aging group(Ⅲ，57. 75 %).The sex ratio of the female to male was 0.76 : 1 . The results of ecological investigation showed that the natural habitat of S. decorus tuugtiug has sand，stone and flowing water, and the values of transparency，dissolved oxygen，and pH of the water were(175±34)cm，(8.84±0.55)mg/L and (7.6±0. 3)respectively. S. decorus tungting have become a kind of endangered fish because of hydropower stations and excessively fishing. |
| 卞伟,李传武,梁志强,刘明求,余长生,张在永,杨奠元.2011.湘华鲮的生物学特征及资源动态研究[J].水生态学杂志,32(4):67-73. |
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