| 西昌白鱼雅砻亚种胚胎发育研究 |
| Embryonic Development of Anabarilius liui yalonggensis in Yalong River |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-03 修订日期：2021-01-01 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202008030221 |
| 中文关键词:雅砻江 西昌白鱼雅砻亚种 胚胎发育 |
| 英文关键词:Yalong River Anabarilius liui yalonggensis embryonic development |
| 基金项目:雅砻江公司自主科研创新项目（编号KY-201921） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究西昌白鱼雅砻亚种不同温度下的胚胎发育过程，为详细了解该鱼的早期生活史、积累繁殖生物学资料、探索西昌白鱼早期死亡原因、保护野生鱼类资源等提供理论依据。2020年4月22日，挑选雅砻江锦屏·官地鱼类增殖放流站人工驯养的西昌白鱼亲鱼15尾，通过人工干法授精（1雌2雄）获得西昌白鱼受精卵。在恒定水温（14.40.8）℃条件下进行孵化，对其胚胎的发育过程进行了观察和描述。结果表明：西昌白鱼成熟卵（n=10）卵径为（1.830.15）mm，沉性，粘性，接近无色透明，吸水充分膨胀后卵径为（2.530.07）mm；在波动水温“昼（21.51.7）℃~夜（15.01.2）℃”、恒定水温（23.52.2）℃条件下胚胎均不能成功孵化，胚胎均发育至肌肉效应期即全部死亡；在水温（14.40.8）℃的条件下，胚胎受精后1 h 30 min胚盘隆起，14 h 55 min进入囊胚期，35 h 45 min进入原肠胚期，54?h?进入胚孔封闭期，158?h?35?min?进入出膜期。胚胎发育积温为2 284.4 ℃?h。初孵仔鱼（n=10）全长（5.770.24）mm。西昌白鱼雅砻亚种具有较大的卵径、脊索形成期在胚孔封闭期之前等特征，是其对雅砻江环境的一种适应和进化。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Anabarilius species, belonging to Cultrinae, Cyprinidae and Cypriniformes, are primarily distributed in Yunnan Province and in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province, with a total of 16 species (subspecies) recorded. Anabarilius liui yalonggensis, belonging to Anabarilius, an important species endemic to Yalong River, but the resource situation is not good. In this study, we illustrated and described the embryonic development of A. liui yalonggensis under different temperatures, aiming to accumulate the reproductive biology baseline of A. liui yalonggensis, explore reasons for the loss of viability in early life stages and provide data to support protection of wild A. liui yalonggensis populations. On April 22, 2020, 15 adult A. liui yalonggensis specimens of body length (19.031.46) cm and body weight (87.5016.66) g were selected for the artificial reproduction experiment. Fertilized eggs of were obtained using dry fertilization and hatched at three water temperatures; constant water temperatures of (14.4± 0.8) °C and (23.5 ± 2.2) °C and a fluctuating water temperature held at (21.5± 1.7) °C during the day and (15.0± 1.2) °C at night. Thirty eggs were sampled each time and the embryonic development processes for each treatment was observed using a dissecting microscope. The mature eggs of A. liui yalonggensis were light yellow with transparent membrane, with an initial diameter of (1.830.15) mm that increased to (2.53 ± 0.07) mm after swelling. The zygotes were demersal, glutinous and spherical. At a water temperature of (14.4± 0.8) °C, blastoderm formation occurred at1 h, 30 min after fertilization. The developing embryo entered the blastocyst stage at 14 h, 55 min, gastrulation stage at 35 h, 45 min and blastopore closure stage at 46 h, 5 min. Early-stage release from the membrane began at 92 h, 55 min after fertilization?and larvae were released from the membrane at 158 h, 35 min. The entire embryonic development period was 158 h, 35 min, the maximum cumulative temperature was 2 284.4 ℃?h and the newly hatched larva were (5.77± 0.24) mm. Embryos did not hatch in the other two temperature treatments, all failing at the muscle development stage. This indicates that water temperature has a dramatic effect on the embryo abnormality and hatching rates. Compared with other Cultrinae species, A. liui yalonggensis has a larger egg diameter and the notochord forms prior to the endosperm closing period, characteristics attributed to evolutionary adaptation to the Yalong River environment. |
| 曾如奎,刘小帅,李天才,姚代金,甘维熊,邓龙君.2021.西昌白鱼雅砻亚种胚胎发育研究[J].水生态学杂志,42(6):111-116. |
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