| 基于鱼类游泳能力的鱼道设计流速解析 |
| Fishway Velocity Design Analysis Based on Fish Swimming Ability |
| 投稿时间：2019-10-08 修订日期：2021-12-17 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.201910080249 |
| 中文关键词:短须裂腹鱼 感应流速 临界游泳速度 爆发游泳速度 鱼道 |
| 英文关键词:Schizothorax wangchiachii induction velocity critical swimming speed burst swimming speed fishway |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51922065，51709152）；湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划鱼类过坝技术项目（T201703）；中国三峡建设管理有限公司公司科研项目[2018(W)-221] |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 短须裂腹鱼（Schizothorax wangchiachii）是黑水河流域生态修复重要的保护鱼类，为了使过鱼设施取得最佳过鱼效果，鱼类有更好的上溯路径，需要针对性探究过鱼对象的游泳能力指标；基于鱼道的水力学特性，对短须裂腹鱼感应流速、临界游泳速度、爆发游泳速度以及游泳耐力进行研究。结果表明，短须裂腹鱼的感应流速为（0.09±0.03）m/s，相对感应流速为（0.39±0.15）BL/s，流速0.04~0.14 m/s，趋流率（F）随流速（V）增大而显著增大，F=0.7576lnV+2.485（R2=0.97，P＜0.01）；临界游泳速度（Ucrit）为（1.41±0.18）m/s，相对临界游泳速度（U’crit）为（6.27±1.14）BL/s；递增流速法测得的爆发游泳速度(Uburst)为（1.83±0.23）m/s，相对爆发游泳速度(U’burst)为（7.95±1.04）BL/s；固定流速法测得爆发游泳速度为1.8 m/s，持续游泳速度为1.2 m/s，在1.2~1.8 m/s耐久游速区间，持续游泳时间（T）随游泳速度（V）增大而减小，lgT = -4.5015V+9.468 (R2=0.69，P＜0.01)。结合鱼道水力学特性，推荐鱼道最小流速为0.20 m/s，高速区流速小于1.44 m/s，鱼道进口部分流速为1.20~1.44 m/s，休息池段流速为0.20~1.16 m/s。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Heishui River is an important tributary on the left bank of Jinsha River and provides critical habitat replacement for fish species in the main stem of the Baihetan reservoir area. Schizothorax wangchiachii, endemic to the upper Yangtze River, is an important conservation species for ecological restoration efforts in the Heishui River basin. In this study, we explored the swimming ability of S. wangchiachii based on the hydraulic characteristics of the fishway, including induced velocity, critical swimming speed, burst swimming speed and swimming endurance. It aimed to provide a reference for the design of fish passage facilities on the Heishui River. The test fish were collected by net on March 14, 2019, with an average body length of (22.39±2.32) cm and body weight of (177.90±60.70) g and acclimated in flowing water at a water temperature of 18-21°C, dissolved oxygen above 6.0 mg/L and ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg/L. The test was conducted in a closed flume in late March and early April, and the swimming performance of S. wangchiachii under different velocities was measured for analysis of swimming ability. The absolute induced velocity of S. wangchiachii was (0.09±0.03) m/s and the relative induction velocity was (0.39±0.15) BL/s, but neither correlated significantly with body length. In the velocity range of (0.04-0.14) m/s, rheotaxis rate increased significantly with flow velocity, and the relationship was described as F = 0.7576lnV + 2.485 (R2=0.97, P＜0.01). The critical swimming speed, relative critical swimming speed，burst swimming speed and the relative burst swimming speed of S. wangchiachii, tested by the stepped velocity method, were respectively (1.41±0.18) m/s, (6.27±1.14) BL/s, (1.83±0.23) m/s and (7.95±1.04) BL/s. The burst swimming speed, measured by fixed velocity method, was 1.8 m/s, and the continuous swimming speed was 1.2 m/s. With endurance swimming in the range of 1.2-1.8 m/s, continuous swimming time decreased with increased swimming speed, and their relationship was described as lnT = -4.5015V+9.468 (R2=0.69，P＜0.01). Based on the hydraulic characteristics of the fishway and the measured swimming ability of S. wangchiachii, we suggest the following fishway design criteria: minimum fishway velocity, 0.20 m/s; maximum velocity, 1.44 m/s, inlet velocity range, 1.20-1.44 m/s, rest pool velocity range, 0.20-1.16 m/s. |
| 仲召源,石小涛,谭均军,柯森繁,李志敏,成必新,石迅雷.2021.基于鱼类游泳能力的鱼道设计流速解析[J].水生态学杂志,42(6):92-99. |
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