| 热胁迫对白梭吻鲈鳃组织结构及抗氧化指标的影响 |
| Effect of Heat Stress on the Histopathological Features and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in the Gills of Sander lucioperca |
| 投稿时间：2017-12-22 修订日期：2019-03-21 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2019.04.015 |
| 中文关键词:白梭吻鲈 热胁迫 鳃 抗氧化指标 组织结构 |
| 英文关键词:Sander lucioperca thermal stress gills enzyme activity histology |
| 基金项目:江苏省科技厅项目（BY2015039-10）；江苏省渔业科技项目（Y2017-37） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 温度是导致鱼类生理变化的最重要的环境因素之一。热应激导致氧化应激，破坏抗氧化防御系统，并导致脂质和组织病理学的损害。白梭吻鲈(Sander lucioperca)属于亚冷水性鱼类，最适生长水温20～24℃。近年来，由于夏季气温极高，中国池塘出现了大量的白梭吻鲈死亡，白梭吻鲈的水产养殖业一直面临着高温的严峻挑战。鱼鳃参与鱼类许多重要功能，如呼吸，渗透调节和排泄，与外部环境保持密切接触，对水质变化特别敏感。为探究热胁迫对白梭吻鲈鳃组织结构及抗氧化指标的影响，将100尾鱼暴露于28℃，31℃，34℃，36℃热应激2h，以23℃作为对照组。收集鳃用于石蜡切片制备，并将苏木精伊红（HE）染色用于一般组织学观察。测定超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）活性和丙二醛（MDA）等抗氧化指标。结果显示，28 ℃组鳃小片发生充血，31 ℃组部分鳃小片末端卷曲变形、上皮细胞水肿，34 ℃组鳃小片变形加重，且有少量融合，上皮细胞水肿加重、明显隆起，鳃小片之间粘液细胞肥大、增生，36 ℃组相邻鳃小片大量融合且严重变形，卷曲混乱排列，大量上皮细胞坏死、脱落，鳃丝粘液细胞增生、肥大；随着胁迫温度升高，鳃中SOD、CAT、GPX、MDA均整体呈现先升高、后降低的变化趋势，且在36℃时显著下降。这表明在热应激后，鱼体内ROS增加，脂质过氧化增加。由于体内产生大量的ROS和H2O2，机体也增加了GPX和CAT的合成。当暴露在36℃时，胁迫强度超过白梭吻鲈的适应能力，抗氧化系统功能无法正常进行。表明热胁迫对白梭吻鲈鳃组织有损伤，且随着热胁迫温度的升高，其鳃受损情况越发严重。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Temperature is among the most important environmental factors affecting the physiological status of fish. Heat stress results in oxidative stress, disrupts the antioxidant system and causes lipid damage and histopathology. Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a cool-water fish and the optimum growth temperature is 20~24 °C. In recent years, extreme summer temperatures in China have led to high pikeperch mortality in aquaculture ponds, posing a severe challenge to the industry. The gills, in constant contact with water, participate in numerous critical functions, including respiration, osmoregulation and excretion, and are particularly sensitive to temperature. To explore the effects of heat stress on gills of pikeperch, experimental groups of 100 were exposed to heat stress for 2 h at 28℃, 31℃, 34℃ and 36℃, with a control group held at 23℃. Gills were collected for paraffin section preparation and hematoxylin eosin (HE) stain was used for general histological examination. Enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were analyzed. At 28℃, congestion of secondary gill lamellae appeared and, at 31℃, the secondary gill lamellae of pikeperch became curly and shorter, and hydropic degeneration of epithelial cells was observed. At 34℃, deformation of gills lamella occurred, along with some fusion. Edema and obvious swelling occurred in epithelial cells, mucous cells were hypertrophic and hyperplasia was observed. At 36℃, numerous fusions and serious deformations appeared in the gills, large numbers of epithelial cells deteriorated and sloughed off, and filamentous mucous cells proliferated. As treatment temperature increased, SOD, CAT, GPX activity and MDA in the gills of pikeperch presented similar trends, initially increasing and then decreasing, with a significant decrease in the 36℃ group. Exposure to heat stress increases ROS lipid peroxidation, which increases the synthesis of GPX and CAT. At 36 °C, the stress intensity exceeds the adaptability of pikeperch, and the antioxidant system does not function normally. Our results indicate that gill damage and metabolic disorders worsen as heat stress intensifies. |
| 陈祎宁,李彩娟,王国成,沈帆帆,滕藤,郭金强,翁昕,凌去非.2019.热胁迫对白梭吻鲈鳃组织结构及抗氧化指标的影响[J].水生态学杂志,40(4):115-120. |
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