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淀山湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

Macrozoobenthos Community Structure and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Dianshan Lake

投稿时间：2017-05-08 修订日期：2019-03-19

DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2019.02.009

英文关键词:Dianshan Lake macrozoobenthos spatial distribution pattern environmental factors

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31201739）

作者	单位	E-mail
朱利明	上海海洋大学农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306	aquazhulm@163.com
肖文胜	上海海洋大学农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306	1303073203@qq.com
周东	上海海洋大学农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306	aquazhoud@163.com
张玮	上海海洋大学农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306	ydzw2008@163.cn
王丽卿	上海海洋大学农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306
张瑞雷	上海海洋大学农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306 上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306

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中文摘要:

为了解淀山湖大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系，于2014-2015年对淀山湖11个采样点的大型底栖动物按季度进行8次调查，同时对12项水环境指标进行监测。结果表明，大型底栖动物共计47种，其中寡毛类4种（9%），多毛类4种（9%），甲壳类6种（13%），摇蚊幼虫18种（38%），软体动物12种（26%），其他3种。河蚬Corbicula fluminea为第一优势种（IRI=41.26），其次为疣吻沙蚕Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus（5.23）、红裸须摇蚊Propsilocerus akamusi（3.17）、霍甫水丝蚓Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri（2.37）、日本旋卷蜾蠃蜚Corophium volutator（2.1）、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys oligobranchia（1.92）、三角石缨虫Laonome triangularis（1.92）、太湖裸须摇蚊Propsilocerus taihuensis（1.43）。底栖动物密度存在显著的空间差异和季节变化，空间上，其最高值主要集中在湖心区，平均密度为385 个/m2，湖口区次之，为343.2个/m2，湖湾区平均密度最小，为252.3 个/m2；大型底栖动物的密度在冬季最大，秋季最小，冬季出现大量红裸须摇蚊。全年与四季的底栖动物密度和水质数据冗余分析（RDA）以及经蒙特卡罗置换检验（Monte Carlo）检验表明，淀山湖水体的电导率(SPC)、水温(WT)、总氮(TN)、高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)和溶解氧(DO)是影响底栖动物群落分布关键的环境因子。

英文摘要:

Dianshan Lake is the largest lake in the suburban area of Shanghai City and is affected primarily by the upstream inflow of water from Taihu Lake. Water quality in Dianshan Lake has deteriorated year by year and eutrophication has become problematic. In this study, we explored the structure of the macrozoobenthos community and its relationship with environmental factors in Dianshan Lake during 2014-2015 and analyzed the evolution of the macrozoobenthos community over the past 30 years. The objectives were to provide scientific evidence and basic data for environment protection and comprehensive regulation of Dianshan Lake. In January (winter), April (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn) of 2014 and 2015, the macrozoobenthos investigation was carried out at 11 sampling sites, representing the lake entrance (S1, S2, S7-9), center（S4, S10,S11） and bay（S3,S5,S6). Water samples were collected at the same sites for determination of 12 physicochemical parameters: WT, SD, pH, DO, Chl-a, TN, TP, NH4+-N, CODMn, PO43+-P, SPC and SAL. A total of 47 species were identified, including 4 Oligochaeta species (9%), 4 Polychaeta species (9%), 6 Crustacean species (13%), 18 Chironomid larvae species (38%) and 12 Mollusca species (26%). The dominant species were Corbicula fluminea (IRI= 41.26), Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus (5.23), Propsilocerus akamusi (3.17), Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (2.37), Corophium volutator (2.1), Nephtys oligobranchia (1.92), Laonome triangularis (1.92) and Propsilocerus taihuensis (1.43). The macrozoobenthos density in Dianshan Lake displayed significant spatial and seasonal variation. The highest density occurred in the lake center (385 ind/m2), followed by the entrance area (343.2 ind/m2) and bay area (252.3 ind/m2). Seasonally, the total density of macrozoobenthos was highest in winter, lowest in autumn and Propsilocerus akamusi density was high in the winter. Redundancy analysis and Monte Carlo testing showed that SPC, WT, TN, CODMn and DO significantly affected the distribution and structure of the macrozoobenthos community. The present macrozoobenthos density and biomass are higher than in previous surveys and the species composition and dominant species have changed, consistent with the observed variation in water quality. However, because of long-term ecological damage, the dominant groups, except for Corbicula fluminea, continue to be pollution tolerant Oligochaeta and Chironomid larvae.

朱利明,肖文胜,周东,张玮,王丽卿,张瑞雷.2019.淀山湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].水生态学杂志,40(2):55-65.

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