| 3种典型潮滩沉积物微塑料分离方法研究 |
| Evaluation of Three Extraction Methods for Microplastics in Intertidal Sediments |
| 投稿时间：2017-01-17 修订日期：2017-07-28 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.04.005 |
| 中文关键词:微塑料 密度分选 潮滩沉积物 分离方法 |
| 英文关键词:microplastics density separation intertidal sediments isolation methods |
| 基金项目:江苏省产学研前瞻性联合研究项目（BY2016057-08）；国家自然科学基金项目（40906054）；连云港市科技计划项目（CXY1322；CN1206）；淮海工学院自然科学基金项目（Z2015010）；江苏省优势学科建设工程项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对我国海岸带环境中微塑料监测方法缺乏标准化和系统化问题，本研究探讨和改进了直接浮选法（方法A）、分液漏斗法（方法B）和容量瓶法（方法C）3种典型的潮滩沉积物微塑料检测方法，并探究了沉积物粒径和聚合物类型对其分离效果的影响。经检验，3种方法对潮滩沉积物中尺寸约为1 mm的高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和聚丙烯（PP）等5种常见聚合物颗粒的平均分离效率达到(91%±7%)，且聚合物类型并不会影响分离效果（P>0.05）。方法B在分离效率和稳定性方面明显优于其他2种方法（P<0.05），对于粗砂（0.5~1.0 mm）、粉砂（0.004~0.063 mm）和泥质（<0.004 mm）3类潮滩沉积物中的微塑料颗粒均有着良好的分离（95%±3%）。沉积物粒径会显著影响提取效果，呈现出随着沉积物粒径的增大、微塑料的分离效率提高的趋势（P<0.05）。利用方法B对系列现场调查样品进行了测定，结果显示，海州湾北部绣针河口、赣榆港码头和高公岛乡潮滩沉积物中微塑料数量丰度分别为34.97~144.33 n/kg、43.70~119.9 n/kg和372.98~1103.02 n/kg；质量浓度分别为2.56~10.70 mg/kg、1.01~5.92 mg/kg和3.36~8.48 mg/kg。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| It is documented that microplastics exist in coastal environments around the world. However, verified and standardized protocols for monitoring microplastics in intertidal sediments have not yet been developed. In this study, three quantitative methods, including direct floatation (method A), separatory funnel (method B) and volumetric flask (method C) were selected and optimized to isolate the microplastics in intertidal sediments with a sodium chloride solution as the flotation solution. At the same time, the effects of polymer type and sediment particle size on separation efficiency were assessed. Sediments containing microplastics were manually prepared to simulate field sediment samples and then microplastics extraction tests were conducted to determine the recovery efficiency of the three methods. The average recovery efficiency for high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and polystyrene (PS) of approximately 1 mm was as high as 91±7%. Statistical analysis indicates that polymer type did not significantly (P>0.05) effect extraction efficiency, but the recovery ratio increased significantly (P<0.05) with sediment particle size; from clay (< 0.004 mm) to silt (0.004 mm to 0.063 mm) and coarse sand (0.5-1 mm). The mean recovery ratio of method B was the highest and most consistent (95±3)%. In December 2015, method B was used to measure microplastics pollution in 27 sediment samples collected from nine randomly located sampling sites in Xiuzhen River Estuary, Ganyu harbor and Gaogongdao town. During ebb tide, 2-3 kg surface sediments (1-2 cm) were collected in the intertidal zone and sealed for further processing. Microplastic abundances in the intertidal sediment of Xiuzhen River Estuary, Ganyu harbor and Gaogongdao town were 34.97-144.33 n/kg, 43.70-119.9 n/kg and 372.98-1103.02 n/kg, with corresponding concentrations of 2.56-10.70 mg/kg, 1.01-5.92 mg/kg and 3.36-8.48 mg/kg. All extracted microplastics were categorized into fiber, expanded foam, chip, fragment and film; fiber accounted for 47% of the 870 separate pieces of plastic, while fragments were the least abundant (5% of total). Our research suggests that microplastics pollution in the study area resulted from anthropogenic activity, including plastic items abandoned by tourists and fishermen. |
| 刘凯,冯志华,方涛,徐军田,叶浩达.2017.3种典型潮滩沉积物微塑料分离方法研究[J].水生态学杂志,38(4):36-42. |
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