| 北京密云水库大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价 |
| Macroinvertebrate communities and bioassessment of water quality in Miyun Reservoir, Beijing |
| 投稿时间：2017-01-12 修订日期：2018-07-18 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2018.04.011 |
| 中文关键词:密云水库 大型底栖动物 群落结构 环境因子 水质生物评价 |
| 英文关键词:Miyun Reservoir macrozoobenthos community structure environment factors water quality bioassessment |
| 基金项目:水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究北京密云水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子和水质的关系，根据水库形状和水位季节变化规律，在潮河库区（1～3号）、库中区（4～5号）以及白河库区（6～8号）共设置8个采样点，于2015年4月（春季）、8月（夏季）、10月（秋季）下旬进行采样，冬季由于水库结冰采样困难而未采集底栖动物样本。结果显示，密云水库共检出大型底栖动物15种，隶属2门2纲2科10属，其中环节动物门颤蚓科4种，节肢动物门摇蚊科幼虫11种，优势种为正颤蚓和红裸须摇蚊。不同采样点的种类数为2～11种，年均密度和年均生物量分别为1864 个/m2和3.10 g/m2，显示密云水库为中营养型水库。底栖动物年均密度：白河库区＞潮河库区＞库中区，年均生物量：白河库区＞潮河库区及库中区。在库西、白河电站等深水区，颤蚓类密度和生物量占比较高；而浅水区摇蚊幼虫密度和生物量占比较高。底栖动物总密度：夏季＞春季＞秋季；总生物量：春季＞夏季≈秋季。水库中颤蚓类的密度和生物量与水深、沉积物中总有机碳及总氮含量呈显著线性或幂函数正相关，与沉积物中总磷含量相关不显著；摇蚊幼虫的密度和生物量与上述4个环境变量均无显著相关性。底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Goodnight修正指数和Pielou 均匀度指数在浅水区高于深水区。Pielou 均匀度指数和Wright指数评价表明，密云水库水质为轻污染，与水化评价结果较符合，可作为水质生物学评价的重要参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the macroinvertebrate communities and explore their relationships with environmental factors and water quality in Miyun Reservoir of Beijing, a total of eight sampling sites were set up in the Chaohe reservoir area (No. 1～3), the center area of Miyun reservoir (No. 4～5) and the Baihe reservoir area (No. 6～8) based on the reservoir shape and the seasonal variation of water level. Sampling was conducted in late April (spring), August (summer) and October (autumn) 2015, and zoobenthos was not collected due to the difficulty of sampling when the reservoir iced up in winter.. A total of 15 species belonging to 10 genera, two families, two classes and two phyla were collected, including four Tubificidae species and 11 Chironomidae larvae, of which Tubifex tubifex and Propsilocerus akamusi were the dominant species. The species number at various sites ranged from 2 to 11, the annual mean density was 1864 ind./m2 and the annual mean biomass was 3.10 g/m2, indicating that Miyun Reservoir was subordinated to mesotrophic type. The annual mean density in the Baihe reservoir area was higher than that in the Chaohe reservoir area, followed by the center area of Miyun reservoir. The annual mean biomass in the Baihe reservoir area was obviously higher than that in the Chaohe reservoir area and the reservoir center area. The density and biomass of tubificids were higher than those of chironomid larvae in deepwater area such as sites Kuxi and Baihe Dianzhan, whereas the density and biomass of chironomid larvae were higher than those of tubificids in shallow-water area. In different seasons, the sum density of macrozoobenthos in summer was higher than that in spring, followed by autumn, whereas the sum biomass in spring was higher than that in summer and in autumn. The density and biomass of tubificids showed significant positive linear correlation or power function correlation with water depth, and total organic carbon (TOC) percent and total nitrogen (TN) content in sediments, respectively, but they had no significant correlation with total phosphorus (TP) content in sediments. On the other hand, there were no significant correlations between the density and biomass of chironomid larvae and the above four environmental variables. The Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index, Goodnight index and Pielou index of macrozoobenthos had higher values in shallow-water area than in deepwater area. The Pielou index and Wright index showed that the water may be lightly polluted in Miyun Reservoir, which was relatively consistent with the result of hydrochemical evaluation, indicating that these two indices may be used as an important inference for water quality bioassessment. |
| 胡涛,魏开建,张桂蓉,徐雷,马徐发,赵建伟,刘操,吴晓辉.2018.北京密云水库大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价[J].水生态学杂志,39(4):79-88. |
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