| 人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支影响初探 |
| Effects of Artificial Seawater on the Growth and Energy Budget of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Larvae |
| 投稿时间：2016-03-25 修订日期：2017-03-22 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.02.012 |
| 中文关键词:人工海水 罗氏沼虾幼体 特定生长率 能量收支 |
| 英文关键词:artificial seawater Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae specific growth rate energy budget |
| 基金项目:广西直属公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(GXIF-2012-08) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过自制人工海水培育罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼体，与天然海水对比分析人工海水特性及养殖过程中的水质状况，探究人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支的影响。试验在广西南宁国家级罗氏沼虾良种场进行，罗氏沼虾幼体和饵料丰年虫无节幼体均由该良种场提供，罗氏沼虾幼体规格(湿重)为(1.476±0.050)g，共80万尾；在幼体开始培育前配制人工海水1000 kg，配比为海盐: MgSO4:CaCl2:KCl: H3B3O3:KBr:ETDA:生石灰＝2000:600:72:36:24:4:1:2；设置天然海水为对照组，试验组及对照组分别设置4个重复。结果显示，人工海水中，Mg2+：K+：Ca2+ =3: 1: 1，与北部湾天然海水接近，且水质无毒性作用；与天然海水比，人工海水培育的罗氏沼虾幼体成活率为95%，蜕皮率为16.82%，并提高了幼体的特定生长率和食物转化率，降低了摄食率；幼体在天然海水中生长和脱壳所用能量[(18.83 ± 1.35)%和(0.99 ± 0.16) %]分别显著低于人工海水[(19.64 ± 0.51)% 和 (1.47 ± 0.06) %] (P<0.05)；而在呼吸、排泄和排粪上的能量比例无显著性差异。研究表明，自制的人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体的生长发育、蜕皮具有促进作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Macrobrachium rosenbergii is one of the three most commercially important shrimp cultured in China. To decrease the cost of buying and transporting seawater for inland M. rosenbergii aquaculture, and to reduce the impact of polluted seawater discharged from M. rosenbergii aquaculture in coastal region, researchers at home and abroad have experimented with M. rosenbergii aquaculture using artificial seawater. In this study, experiment of M. rosenbergii larvae cultured in artificial seawater, were carried out at the National M. rosenbergii Hatchery (Nanning, Guangxi). The aim of the study was to explore the effect of artificial seawater culture on the growth characteristics and energy budget of M. rosenbergii larvae. During the test, the water quality of the artificial seawater was compared with the natural water condition of Beibu Gulf. The study will provide theoretical evidence for M. rosenbergii aquaculture using artificial seawater. A total of 800 thousand M. rosenbergii larvae with an average wet weight of 1.476±0.050 g and their food source, Artemia nauplii, were provided by the National M. rosenbergii Hatchery. M. rosenbergii larvae cultured in natural seawater were used as the control and four replicates were used. From the second day of the test, M. rosenbergii larvae fed on Artemia nauplii (0.5 mg each time) three times a day during the periods 08:00-09:00, 11:00-12:00 and 16:00-17:00 and, from the ninth day, the level of Artemia nauplii feeding was increased (0.4 g each time) and egg custard (0.1 g) was also added three times a day during the periods 06:00-07:00, 10:00-11:00 and 16:00-17:00. The residual feed and excrement were collected in a timely fashion after each meal, dried and weighed. At about 15 days into the test, molting began and the molting frequency was recorded and exuvia were collected, dried and weighed. The experiment lasted 22 days and the body length and weight of each shrimp was measured at the end. The ratio of Mg2+: K+: Ca2+ in the artificial seawater was 3: 1: 1, very close the ratio in natural seawater from the Beibu Gulf. The artificial seawater, based on water quality measurements remained healthy for the duration of the study. As culturing time increased, survival and molting rates of M. rosenbergii were higher in the artificial seawater: 95% and 16.82% for the artificial seawater group, compared to 60% and 11% for the natural seawater group. Compared with the control, the specific growth rate and food conversion rate of the larvae in the artificial seawater was higher than in natural seawater, but the feeding rate was lower. The fractions of available energy used for growth and molting in M. rosenbergii larvae in the natural seawater groups〔(18.83±1.35)% and (0.99±0.16%) 〕were significantly lower than those〔(19.64±0.51) % and (1.47±0.06%) 〕in the artificial seawater groups (P<0.05), but the differences were not significant for respiration, uresis and excretion. Artificial seawater appears to promote the growth and molting of M. rosenbergii and can be used for M. rosenbergii larvae culture. |
| 黄光华,马华威,黎建斌,杨彦豪,黄立斌,冯鹏霏,吕 敏,卢小花,杨学明.2017.人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支影响初探[J].水生态学杂志,38(2):76-81. |
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