| 滇西北高山微水体空间分布格局及研究意义初探 |
| Spatial Distribution and Significance of High Mountain Micro-waterbodies in Northwestern Yunnan, China |
| 投稿时间：2015-10-23 修订日期：2017-01-10 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.01.003 |
| 中文关键词:高山微水体 空间格局 生物多样性 滇西北 |
| 英文关键词:high mountain waterbodies surface water spatial pattern biodiversity northwest Yunnan |
| 基金项目:云南省“中国三江并流区域生物多样性协同创新中心”；国家“十二五”水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项洱海流域陆地生态监测技术体系构建与陆生植被监测项目（2013ZX07105-005-02-02）；云南省教育厅洱海流域保护与可持续发展研究重点实验室；云南省教育厅科学研究基金（2016ZZX190）；国家自然科学基金（31360013） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 高山水体由于其所处的海拔较高，对气候变化反应敏感，在应对全球气候变化方面具有突出的贡献，并且由于其分布格局等基础信息的缺失，导致目前高山水体各方面的研究还较为缺乏，本文将初步探索高山水体研究的意义和保护价值，为后续工作打下基础。本文运用Google Earth和ArcGIS等软件，对N24°39′51″～29°14′59″和E 98°07′55″～101°30′44″、总面积约88632 km2的滇西北地区976个天然湖泊海拔、水面面积等信息进行收集，并主要针对该区域水面面积小于0.1 km2的水体数量及其分布格局进行研究，新定义水面面积小于0.1 km2的水体为微水体。研究结果表明，滇西北地区共有微水体942个，占天然湖泊数量的96.5%，平均面积10283.1 m2，总面积9.7 km2，占整个滇西北地区总面积的0.01%，占整个滇西北地区天然湖泊面积的2.3%。滇西北地区微水体平均海拔3987.9 m，密集分布于高山山脊附近，其海拔分布范围较大、中型湖泊更高且区间更广。尽管滇西北地区微水体总面积占区域总面积比例非常小，但其庞大的数量、广阔的流域面积和海拔分布格局，决定了高山微水体在本地区生态系统中的功能和生物多样性形成与稳定方面的贡献不容小觑；微水体的保护和治理成本要远远低于大型湖泊保护与治理成本，且保护效益明显，应重点关注。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Because they are distributed at high altitude and are sensitive to climate change, high mountain waterbodies can play an important role in the response to global climate change. However, few studies of high mountain waterbodies have been carried out to date due to a lack of basic information. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of high mountain waterbodies in northwest Yunnan Province, addresses their ecological significance and conservation value and provides a basis for future work. The 976 natural lakes and ponds covered in this study are located in northwest Yunnan (N 24°39′51″-29°14′59″, E 98°07′55″-101°30′44″), an area of 88,632 km2. Data on the altitudes and open water areas of the 976 natural lakes and ponds were collected and analysed using Google Earth and ArcGIS. The number and distribution of waterbodies with an open water area of less than 0.1 km2 were intensively analyzed and a new term, “micro-waterbody”, was coined to refer to these waterbodies. Results indicate 942 micro-waterbodies in northwestern Yunnan, 96.5% of the total natural lakes and ponds. The mean area of the micro-waterbodies in northwest Yunnan is 10283.1 m2 and the total area covered is 9.7 km2, which is 0.01% of the regional area and 2.3% of the regional water surface area. The mean altitude of the micro-waterbodies is 3987.9 m, and they are distributed intensively around mountaintops. Compared with large and medium lakes, the distribution of micro-waterbodies has a higher and wider range of altitude. Although the total area of the micro-waterbodies comprises only a tiny fraction of the total area, their large number, large watershed area and wide altitude distribution give the high mountain micro-waterbodies an important role in maintaining eco-system function. They are a critical part of the natural habitat of northwest Yunnan and the biodiversity depends on the high mountain micro-waterbodies. Finally, based on this and previous studies, the cost of conserving and managing micro-waterbodies will be much less than for large lakes, allowing remarkable efficiency. To date, there is little research interest in high mountain micro-waterbodies, but considering their ecological significance and conservation value, they should begin receiving more attention. |
| 刘硕然,和晓阳,杨文书,任国鹏,李延鹏,周俊,蔡庆华,肖文＊.2017.滇西北高山微水体空间分布格局及研究意义初探[J].水生态学杂志,38(1):18-23. |
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