| 三峡水库小江流域鱼类营养层次研究 |
| Determination of Fish Trophic Level in Xiaojiang River of Three Gorges Reservoir by Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis |
| 投稿时间：2015-09-25 修订日期：2016-07-27 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.04.011 |
| 中文关键词:稳定同位素 营养层次 小江 三峡水库 |
| 英文关键词:stable isotopes trophic level Xiaojiang River Three Gorges Reservoir |
| 基金项目:三峡库区及长江中游生态系统结构与功能完善关键技术研究与示范（2012BAC06B04） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 应用碳、氮稳定同位素技术对小江流域鱼类的营养层次进行全面量化，以期为基于生态系统的三峡水库渔业与环境的科学管理提供理论支持。2013年5-6月，于三峡水库小江流域渠口、养鹿、高阳、黄石和双江江段设点进行稳定同位素测定样品采集，获取鱼类样品39种121尾，基线生物——颗粒有机物样品15个。小江流域各江段的颗粒有机物δ13C值范围为-2.829%（养鹿） ~ -2.419%（黄石），均值（-2.575±0.198）%；δ15N值范围为0.140%（养鹿）~0.697%（高阳），均值（0.467±0.270）%。不同江段相同鱼的稳定性同位素值的配对双样本t检验结果各江段的δ13C均无显著差异；高阳江段与养鹿、双江和渠口江段δ15N均有显著差异（P<0.05），高阳江段与渠口江段的δ15N差异极显著。小江流域位于最低营养级的初级消费者为草鱼，平均相对营养级为2.15；流域以次级消费者的杂食性鱼类种类为主，相对营养级在2.66~3.85；营养级3.85以上的鱼类种类向肉食性鱼类转变，位居最高营养级的为长吻鮠，其相对营养级为5.12。各江段的平均相对营养级范围为2.84（高阳） ~ 4.26（渠口），差值为1.42。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir altered fish habitat and community structure in the reservoir area. Additionally, long-term overfishing has caused the decline of fish populations and affected the sustainable development of fishery resources. The traditional fishery management system must be improved and ecosystem characteristics must be considered to support the scientific management of fishery resources and the environment in Three Gorges Reservoir. In this study, the trophic level of 39 fish species in Xiaojiang River of Three Gorges Reservoir was determined using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. Samples were collected from May to June of 2013 in the Qukou, Yanglu, Gaoyang, Huangshi and Shuangjiang sections of Xiaojiang River, including 121 fish representing 39 species and 15 samples of particle organic matter (POM). The δ13C values of POM samples ranged from -2.829% to -2.419%, with a mean value of -2.575±0.198%, and those for δ15N ranged from 0.140% to 0.697%, with a mean value of 0.467±0.270%. The δ13C value of POM decreased upstream from the estuary, but the δ13C value for fish of the same species did not differ significantly with location, indicating that POM was not the main energy source for the Xiaojiang River food web. The δ15N value of POM in Gaoyang was higher than Yanglu, Huangshi and Shuangjiang, while δ15N values for fish of the same species in Gaoyang was significantly higher than that of Yanglu, Qukou and Shuangjiang, probably related to the intensity of human activity at each site. There were at least four trophic levels identified in the Xiaojiang River food web and relative trophic levels in the fish community ranged from 2.15 to 5.12. Grass carp was at the lowest trophic level among the primary economic fish species. Most fish species were omnivorous with trophic levels ranging from 2.66 to 3.85. Fish species with a trophic level above 3.85 are carnivorous and Leiocassis longirostris was at the highest trophic level among the primary economic fish species with a trophic level of 5.12. The mean value of the trophic level at each section ranged from 2.84 to 4.26 with the lowest mean trophic level at Gaoyang and the highest at Qukou. The results of this study reflect the nutritional relationships among the primary fish species in the Xiaojiang River basin and provide a reference for the selection of primary fish species in the river basin. |
| 史方,陈小娟,杨志,阙延福,唐会元.2016.三峡水库小江流域鱼类营养层次研究[J].水生态学杂志,37(4):70-77. |
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