| 人为刺激对海菜花生长及形态特征的影响 |
| Anthropogenic Impacts on the Growth and Morphology of Ottelia acuminate |
| 投稿时间：2015-09-22 修订日期：2016-09-23 |
| DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.2016.06.007 |
| 中文关键词:海菜花，沉水植物，摘叶留葶，种植密度，性别差异，形态特点 |
| 英文关键词:Ottelia acuminata submerged plants culling leaves and reserving peduncles planting density gender differences |
| 基金项目:云南省社会发展科技计划 项目编号：2012CA014 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 由于市场对于海菜花的认可度较高，其花葶具有较高食用和药用价值，为了获得最大经济效益并研究在人为刺激下对于海菜花的生长及形态特征的影响，同时更是为了保护和恢复这一高原湖泊特有雌雄异株珍稀沉水植物，根据其两性植株间最大的区别体现在性别差异上这一特点，本文通过实际观察和测量后，选取海菜花营养生长及生殖生长的主要不同部位形态特征作为对比，并从经济利益角度出发，选取植株的整体叶面积，作为叶片营养输送通道且能做成咸菜的叶柄，叶片数及具有主要经济价值和食用、药用价值的花葶总数，长度，佛焰苞内花朵数目，佛焰苞基座大小等指标；在种植密度和人为摘叶留葶处理，这两种人为干扰因素下，观察和测量这些指标在雌雄植株间的差异情况，仍然能为单因子方差分析检测到显著差异的即为显著性别鉴定特征，并为人工种植海菜花以取得最优质的花葶，获取最大经济效益提供理论依据。结果显示：从营养生长的方面来说，在两种人为因素影响下，雄株无论整体还是单片叶面积水平均较雌株呈显著相关关系，而叶片数量、叶柄与植株性别间并不存在规律性的相关关系；而从生殖生长的角度上来说，佛焰苞内花朵数目与性别有显著相关关系，雌株佛焰苞内花朵数小于等于7朵，雄株则大于等于10朵；雄株总是能够在花期内保持最大花葶数以保证同花期内的雌株受粉，雌株的花葶虽然数量较少，但质量更好，经人为摘叶后质量更佳，佛焰苞更大，随性别分化明显，而花葶长度可以在种植密度不同时成为对比鉴定其性别特征的辅助手段，故从经济效益的角度出发，首选种植雌株，且一定程度上合理的密植，不仅可以更合理地利用地块，也可以使得雌株发出更好更长的花葶，带来更多的经济效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Peduncles of Ottelia acuminata, a rare dioecious water plant of the plateau lakes of China’s Yunnan Province, are highly sought after by consumers for their delectable taste and medicinal value. In this study, we investigated the anthropogenic impacts on the growth and morphological features of O. acuminata, to support both the conservation and restoration of the species, and to increase the profitability of cultivation. Several morphological features of both genders were measured during the plant’s vegetative and reproductive phases：total leaf area, number of leaves, petiole length, number and length of peduncles, number of flowers per spathe and diameter of spathe base. These traits determine the commercial value as food and as an ingredient in traditional medicines. The effect of two factors arising from cultivation, selective culling of leaves and reserving peduncles, were determined in both genders by the one-way ANOVA. Peduncle length was used to determine gender during the experiments. The method provides a theoretical basis for optimizing peduncles in order to increase profitability. Results show that vegetative growth, both total leaf area and single leaf area, is gender-linked, even though seedlings of both gender were treated identically, i.e., culling leaves and reserving peduncles. The number of leaves and petiole length did not vary with gender but, in reproductive growth, the number of flowers in spathes is strongly gender-related; the number of female flowers in spathes is <7, while the number of male flowers in spathes is >10. The male plants are able to sustain the blossoms of nearly all peduncles to ensure that all female plants are pollinated during the flowering period. The number of peduncles in female plants is lower but of better quality than in male plants. A larger number of spathes is obtained from female plants through selective culling of leaves and reserving peduncles. When planted in different densities, the length of the peduncles also serves as a method for gender identification. An appropriate planting density is important for producing longer peduncles in female plants and increasing profitability. |
| 彭云,舒树森,杨君兴.2016.人为刺激对海菜花生长及形态特征的影响[J].水生态学杂志,37(6):42-50. |
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